The History and Politics of Public Radio
This book presents an absorbing study of how educational radio, which originated to broadcast weather forecasts to farmers, has become what the Pew Center calls the most trusted source of news for American liberals and a regular in the rogue's gallery of election-year conservative targets.The Nielsen Company reported in late 2019 that 272 million Americans listen to "traditional radio" each week, a number exceeding those who watch television, use a smartphone, or access the Internet. Yet almost from the start, radio has also been flayed as a noise box of inanity, a transmitter of low-brow entertainment, an instrument of cultural degradation promoting vapid popular music, and a medium whose ultimate purpose is to convince listeners to purchase the goods and services incessantly hawked by the advertisers who underwrite the programs and allegedly dictate content. At the same time, an alternative conception of radio existed as a vehicle for education and for cultural and intellectual(and even political) enlightenment. Most proponents of this perspective disdained advertising revenue and sought subsidies from foundations, wealthy patrons, or varying levels of government.The long, winding road of educational radio led eventually to the creation of National Public Radio (NPR), a fixture on the left of the dial that can be seen as either the consummation or corruption of the educational radio movement. Prized by many liberals, especially affluent whites, and disparaged by many conservatives, NPR has become a potent symbol of the political polarization and cultural chasm that now characterizes the American conversation.
The Economics of Competition, Collusion and In-Between
This book provides a methodology for the analysis of oligopolistic markets from an equilibrium viewpoint, considering competition within and between groups of firms. It proposes a well-founded measure of competitive toughness that can be used in empirically relevant applications. This measure reflects the weight put by each firm on competition for market share relative to competition for market size - two dimensions of competition involving conflicting and convergent interests, respectively. It further explores several applications, such as the effect of tougher competition on innovation and of output market power on the emergence of involuntary unemployment, as well as the importance of strategic interactions for investment decisions. Relative to the dominant model of monopolistic competition, The Economics of Competition, Collusion and In-between aims to explore an alternative tractable model of firm competition opening the application of oligopoly theory to many fields in economics where general equilibrium features are crucial. It will be relevant to those interested in applied industrial organization, trade, macroeconomics (in particular macrodynamics) and quantitative economics.
Foundations and Applications of Complexity Economics
This book presents a survey of the aspects of economic complexity, with a focus on foundational, interdisciplinary ideas. The long-awaited follow up to his 2011 volume Complex Evolutionary Dynamics in Urban-Regional and Ecologic-Economic Systems: From Catastrophe to Chaos and Beyond, this volume draws together the threads of Rosser's earlier work on complexity theory and its wide applications in economics and an expanded list of related disciplines. The book begins with a full account of the broader categories of complexity in economics--dynamic, computational, hierarchical, and structural--before shifting to more detailed analysis. The next two chapters address problems associated with computational complexity, especially those of computability, and discuss the Godel Incompleteness Theorem with a focus on reflexivity. The middle chapters discuss the relationship between entropy, econophysics, evolution, and economic complexity, respectively, with applications in urban and regional dynamics, ecological economics, general equilibrium theory, as well as financial market dynamics. The final chapter works to bring together these themes into a broader framework and expose some of the limits concerning analysis of deeper foundational issues.With applications in all disciplines characterized by interconnected nonlinear adaptive systems, this book is appropriate for graduate students, professors and practitioners in economics and related disciplines such as regional science, mathematics, physics, biology, environmental sciences, philosophy, and psychology.
The Market of Green Bonds. An International Analysis of Public and Private Issuers in the Green Bond Market
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,7, Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences (Wiesbaden Business School), course: Finance, language: English, abstract: This thesis aims to analyse the Green Bond market and its protagonists in order to assess its long-term potential in financing the necessary changes on earth. To ensure that readers without profound financial literacy can comprehend the paper, the second chapter gives an overview of the debt capital market instrument "bonds" and its main aspects. The tools used to assess the protagonists' international competitiveness as part of the international analysis are introduced here as well. The third part deals with "Green Bonds" in particular. It consists of important general information and a widespread market overview. Section four comprises the international market and competitiveness analyses of the main market players: the EU, United States and China (with Hong Kong SAR). A future prospect for the Green Bond market, based on the outcomes of a brief "expert interview" the author distributed among professionals working in the financial world, is given in chapter five. To round off the thesis, the sixth and final chapter forms the conclusion that draws a bow back to the introduction.
Ethics, Morality and Business: The Development of Modern Economic Systems, Volume I
This book, the first of two volumes, examines ancient civilizations to explore the ethical foundations of modern economic systems. The origin of ethical values is analyzed from a historical context and, through investigating the spread of the Aryan civilization from India into the rest of the world, the links between ancient Russia, India, Japan, and Greece are highlighted. By examining the business management in these societies, the development of an ethical system is explained.This book aims to highlight how trust is fundamental to transactions within an exchange economy. It will be relevant to those interested in economics, development studies, international relations, and global politics.
Ethics, Morality and Business: The Development of Modern Economic Systems, Volume II
This book, the second of two volumes, is inspired by the famous philosopher of India, Kautilya, author of the first book on economics in the world, Arthashashtra. It analyzes the influence of ethical values from ancient societies on modern systems of management and economics. While this book deals with the "global sages" like Aristotle, Buddha, Jesus, the scope is also expanded to incorporate other notable modern thinkers like Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Rabindranath Tagore. This book aims to highlight the interrelationships between ethics and management, both from a micro and macroeconomics, as well as organizational and national, perspective. It will be useful for those interested in history, economics, development studies, international relations, and global politics.
Writing for Business
Each of the 16 unique and immersive cases takes you right into a situation that actually occurs in business and lets you practice the writing skills that will contribute to your career success: the need to change a business model no longer works, to respond to slumping demand or irate customers, to confront shifting market dynamics, to ensure that a new product launch is a success or a new ERP system is well received, to explain changing relationship with suppliers and vendors, to take the initiative on workforces diversity challenges, and the always present need to manage your career. "If you can write and communicate effectively, you'll be a standout leader. Dennis Signorovitch's book masterfully helps you build that vital skill."Maria SalinasPresident & CEOLos Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce "Too often in business the ability to communicate is assumed. But not many do it well. It's hard work. Fortunately, it is a skill that can be learned, and Writing for Business shows the way."Daniel Burnhamformer Chairman & CEORaytheon Company "As an entrepreneur, I know how valuable clear, concise and persuasive writing is when building a business and a brand. The varied cases found in Writing for Business offer students the opportunity to develop this essential skill."Dennis Vu
Putinomics
This book sheds new light on the political economy of Russia under Putin's rule. The author, a former EU diplomat, presents a historical review of the Russian economy and 60 years of state-communist mismanagement, followed by oligarchic privatization. The book offers profound insights into Putin's rule and the power mechanics of the state-dominated management of the Russian economy. It identifies and assesses the lack of rule of law, together with an arbitrary and often corrupt administration that systematically discourages entrepreneurship and the emergence of an independent middle class. Furthermore, the book discusses Russia's budgetary policy, its dependence on the export of natural resources, state-owned enterprises and their privileges, and Russia's external trade. This hard-hitting, substantial analysis debunks the myth of Russia's economic might and is a must read for anyone seeking to understand the economic realities of the Eurasian continent, or considering doing business with Russia.
Individualising Risk
This book investigates how paid care work and employment are being transformed by policies of social care individualisation in the context of new gig economies of care. Drawing on a case study of the creation of a new individualised care market under Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme the book provides important insights into possible futures for social care employment where care is treated as an individual consumer service. Bringing together sociological, political science and socio-legal approaches the book demonstrates how, in individualised care markets and with ineffective labour laws, risks of business and employment are devolved to frontline care workers. The book argues for an urgent re-evaluation of current policy approaches to care and for new regulatory approaches to protect workers in diverse forms of employment.
Economic Theory in the Twentieth Century, an Intellectual History - Volume I
This book, set out over three volumes, provides a comprehensive history of economic thought in the 20th century with special attention to the cultural and historical background in the development of theories, to the leading or the peripheral research communities and their interactions or controversies, and finally to an assessment and critical appreciation of economic theories throughout these times. It takes as its subject matter the canon of publications by major thinkers who self-consciously conceived of themselves as 'economists' in the modern academic sense of the term. It is a history of how, when and where the discipline of Economics took root in major universities and scientific communities of economists, and evaluates the emergence of different 'schools' of thoughts. Volume I addresses economic theory in the golden age of capitalism. It considers the contributions of Marshall, Pareto, Wicksteed, Schmoller, Bohm-Bawerk, Schumpeter, Wicksell, Fisher, Veblen and other major thinkers, as well as the universities of Cambridge, Lausanne, Vienna, Berlin, and some others in US, before concluding with a look at the impact that the great war had on the discipline. This work provides a significant and original contribution to the history of economic thought and gives insight to the thinking of some of the major international figures in economics as shown in major works published across the last 130 years. It will appeal to students, scholars and the more informed reader wishing to further their understanding of the history of the discipline.
Behavioural Economics and Experiments
Behavioural Economics and Experiments addresses key topics within behavioural economics, exploring vital questions around decision-making and human nature. Assuming no prior knowledge of economics, the book features wide-ranging examples from literature, film, sport, neuroscience and beyond.
How China Escaped Shock Therapy
China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country's rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism.
Anarchism and Ecological Economics
This book explores the idea that anarchism - aimed at creating a society where there is as much freedom as possible - may provide an ideal political basis for the goals of ecological economics.
Advances in Waste Processing Technology
This book highlights the latest research on waste processing technologies, particularly for domestic, agricultural, and petroleum based pollutants, intended to achieve waste valorisation. In addition, it discusses the important role of plastic recycling, as well as advanced waste processing techniques.
Contesting Malaysia’s Integration Into the World Economy
This book brings together a set of incisive essays that interrogate Malaysian history and social relations which began during pre-colonial times, and extended to colonial and post-colonial Malaysia. It addresses economic misinterpretations of the role of markets in the way colonial industrialisation evolved, the nature of exploitation of workers, and the participation of local actors in shaping a wide range of socioeconomic and political processes. In doing so, it takes the lead from the innovative historian, Shaharil Talib Robert who argued that the recrafting of history should go beyond the use of conventional methodologies and analytic techniques. It is in that tradition that the chapters offer a semblance of causality, contingency, contradictions, and connections. With that, the analysis in each chapter utilises approaches appropriate for the topics chosen, which include history, anthropology, sociology, economics, politics, and international relations. The collection of chapters also offer novel interpretations to contest and fill gaps that have not been addressed in past works. The book is essential reading for history students, and those interested in Malaysian history in particular.
Sharing Economics
This book has studied the principle, essence and development law of sharing economics. First of all, it analyzes the inevitability of sharing economics as the mainstream and determines that its research object is the social resources of the production, gathering, exchange, use, distribution and value creation disciplines. Secondly, it defines and analyzes the connotation, scope, concept, characteristics, research hypothesis, property right attribute, constituent elements and income distribution of the sharing economics which aims to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and reduce the market transaction cost. This book is characterized by the construction of a theoretical system composed of contingency, cooperative consumption, cognitive surplus and impersonal transaction. This book provides readers with a theoretical theory of sharing economics and an important theoretical reference for innovative entrepreneurship.
Economic Impacts and Emergency Management of Disasters in China
Section 1 Disaster and economic development -Chapter 1. Disaster probability, optimal government expenditure for disaster prevention and mitigation, and expected economic growth. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Zhijie Wang, Ji Guo. -Chapter 2. Evaluation of Comprehensive Economic Loss of COVID-19 Epidemic Disaster Based on CGE Model. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ernesto D.R. Santibanez Gonzalez, Ling Tan, Ji Guo. -Chapter 3. Natural disasters, economic growth and sustainable development in China―an empirical study using provincial panel data. Authors: Ji Guo, Hui Liu, Xianhua Wu. -Chapter 4. Comprehensive economic loss assessment of disaster based on CGE Model and IO Model-A case study on Beijing "7.21 Rainstorm". Authors: Tan ling, Xianhua Wu, Zeshui. -Chapter 5. What are the impacts of tropical cyclones on employment? -An Analysis Based on Meta-regression. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Hui Liu, Ji Guo. -Chapter 6. Impacts of Typhoons on Local Labor Markets based on GMM: An Empirical Study of Guangdong Province, China. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Zhou Lei, Guo Ji. Section 2 Disaster emergency management -Chapter 7. Urban flood depth-economic loss curves and their amendment based on resilience: Evidence from Lizhong Town in Lixia River and Houbai Town in Jurong River of China. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Lei Zhou, Ji Guo. -Chapter 8. Finding of urban rainstorm and waterlogging disasters based on microblogging data and the Location-Routing Problem Model of Urban Emergency Logistics. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Yaru Cao, Yang Xiao. -Chapter 9. A new economic loss assessment system for urban severe rainfall and flooding disasters based on big data fusion. Authors: Ji Guo, Xianhua Wu. -Chapter 10. Design of temperature insurance index and risk zonation for single-season rice in response to high-temperature and low-temperature damage: a case study of jiangsu province, china. Authors: Ji Guo, Xianhua Wu. -Chapter 11. Determining the amount of international aid that countries should donate after a disaster to alleviate sustainable implications: A new framework for analysis. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ji Guo. -Chapter 12. On the Amount of Counterpart Assistance to be Provided after Natural Disasters: From the Perspective of Indirect Economic Loss Assessment. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ji Guo. -Chapter 13. Relationship among Public Cognition, Perceived Value, and Meteorological Service Satisfaction. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ji Guo. -Chapter 14. A Comprehensive Estimation of the Economic Effects of Meteorological Services Based on the Input-Output Method. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ji Guo. Section 3 Emission reallocation of air pollution -Chapter 15. Effect of Air Pollution on the Stock Yield of Heavy Pollution Enterprises in China's Key Control Cities. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Shanshan Chen, Ji Guo. -Chapter 16. Economic losses and willingness to pay for haze: the data analysis based on 1123 residential families in Jiangsu province, China. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Ji Guo. -Chapter 17. Spatial Concentration, Impact Factors and Prevention-control Measures of PM2.5 Pollution in China. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Yufeng Chen, Ji Guo. -Chapter 18. Study of haze emission efficiency based on new co‐opetition data envelopment analysis. Authors: Xianhua Wu, Yufeng Chen, Ji Guo. -Chapter 19. Inputs optimization to reduce th
The Macroeconomics of Corruption
Examines corruption through a macroeconomic lens, exploring the relationship between corruption, fiscal policy, and political economy Applies models that analyze the causes and consequences of rising income inequality, long-term economic growth slowdowns and fiscal crises Contains ancillary materials including a technical appendix, end-of-chapter questions and problems, and a complete solutions manual
Money and the Rule of Law
Contemporary monetary institutions are flawed at a foundational level. The reigning paradigm in monetary policy holds up constrained discretion as the preferred operating framework for central banks. But no matter how smart or well-intentioned are central bankers, discretionary policy contains information and incentive problems that make macroeconomic stability systematically unlikely. Furthermore, central bank discretion implicitly violates the basic jurisprudential norms of liberal democracy. Drawing on a wide body of scholarship, this volume presents a novel argument in favor of embedding monetary institutions into a rule of law framework. The authors argue for general, predictable rules to provide a sturdier foundation for economic growth and prosperity. A rule of law approach to monetary policy would remedy the flaws that resulted in misguided monetary responses to the 2007-8 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the case for true monetary rules is the first step toward creating more stable monetary institutions.
Knowledge Capitalism and State Theory
The book builds on an important emergent body of discussion which questions, both empirically and theoretically, the conventional neoclassical doctrine that economies are more efficient if the state withdraws from it. It develops a "space-time" approach to state theory as a way of explaining development outcomes in the global economy as the latter increasingly shifts to what is referred to as "knowledge capitalism". It examines two global cases - Finland and China - as expressions of two broad models of successful development punctuated most recently by successful responses to the Covid-19 pandemic. It also contrasts both cases with the unsuccessful development of Brazil and Argentina toward "knowledge capitalism" and the ramifications of that for their efforts to combat Covid-19. This book will be of interest to academics in economics, politics and international relations.
New Institutions for Socio-Economic Development
The strategies and practical approaches for socio-economic development are undergoing systemic changes under the influence of new developments in global economic systems and markets. The most significant factors influencing such changes are connected to the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), which is impacting all economic systems to a greater or lesser extent. The creation of the digital economy and transition to Industry 4.0 particularly increases the significance of hi-tech for socio-economic development. Secondly, there is now a transition underway from a period of unlimited globalization and comprehensive integration to more limited globalization and selective economic integration. The growing importance of regionalization on the global economic system is manifested in the formation and rapid development of new integration unions at the regional or country level (e.g., the EU and the EAEU), and company level (e.g., regional sectoral economic clusters, special economic areas, technological parks, and innovative networks). Thirdly, there's an urgent need for faster innovation, which leads to the formation of more innovative economies. The global financial crisis drew attention to the problems of managing sustainability and achieving balance in socio-economic development. The formation and exponential growth of the information society, based on digital technologies, is now stimulating the growth and significance of corporate social and environmental responsibility as a prerequisite for entrepreneurial success. Thus, the paradigm of socio-economic development is changing from absolute rationality (economic effectiveness) and stability - which has historically been associated with problems of stagnation - to responsibility (limited and socially-oriented rationality) and dynamism (quick innovative development based on leading technologies). This book aims to provide a scientific substantiation for this new paradigm.
Asian Development Outlook (ADO) 2021
This report presents economic prospects for developing Asia and the Pacific. It includes analysis of the impacts of school closures caused by the pandemic and a theme chapter on financing a green and inclusive recovery. Growth in 2021 is forecast to be strongest in East and South Asia, and more moderate in Central and Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The main risks to the outlook are new virus outbreaks or delays in vaccine procurement and administration. Prolonged unemployment and disrupted education caused by the pandemic could have long-term consequences. To achieve green, resilient, and inclusive recovery, the region needs to mobilize huge sums of capital. Solid evidence associates green and social finance with positive impacts globally and in Asia. This edition's theme chapter on financing a green and inclusive recovery explores the drivers and impacts of green and social finance and its prospects in the region. Recently, financial gain has joined altruistic motives for investment, which bodes well for future expansion. Policies implemented through regulatory and fiscal measures can further accelerate the development of green and social finance.
New Frontiers of the Capability Approach
For over three decades, the capability approach proposed and developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has had a distinct impact on development theories and approaches because it goes beyond an economic conception of development and engages with the normative aspects of development. This book explores the new frontiers of the capability approach and its links to human development in three main areas. First, it delves into the philosophical foundations of the approach, re-examining its links to concepts of common good, collective agency and epistemic diversity. Secondly, it addresses its 'operational frontier', aiming to give inclusive explanations of some of the most advanced methods available for capability researchers. Thirdly, it offers a wide range of the applications of this approach, as carried out by a mix of renowned capability scholars and researchers from different disciplines. This broad interdisciplinary range includes the areas of human and sustainable development, inequalities, labour markets, education, special needs, cities, urban planning, housing, social capital and happiness studies, among others.
Money and the Rule of Law
Contemporary monetary institutions are flawed at a foundational level. The reigning paradigm in monetary policy holds up constrained discretion as the preferred operating framework for central banks. But no matter how smart or well-intentioned are central bankers, discretionary policy contains information and incentive problems that make macroeconomic stability systematically unlikely. Furthermore, central bank discretion implicitly violates the basic jurisprudential norms of liberal democracy. Drawing on a wide body of scholarship, this volume presents a novel argument in favor of embedding monetary institutions into a rule of law framework. The authors argue for general, predictable rules to provide a sturdier foundation for economic growth and prosperity. A rule of law approach to monetary policy would remedy the flaws that resulted in misguided monetary responses to the 2007-8 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the case for true monetary rules is the first step toward creating more stable monetary institutions.
Climate Change, Coming Soon to a Court Near You
Report 2 contains a comprehensive review of the growing number and variety of climate lawsuits in Asia and the Pacific. It underscores the unique flavor and voice of regional jurisprudence and compares it with global approaches. Climate change in Asia and the Pacific is deadly and impacts communities now. The report details why and how regional climate litigation seeks relief in increasingly urgent ways. It is the second in the four-part series that ADB produced in recognition of the inevitability of increased litigation in the era of climate change.
Better Capitalism
Sometime in your business life you've looked up from the task or person in front of you, paused before your head explodes, and thought to yourself, "There's got to be a better way!" This book offers you that better way. Whether you're in school preparing for the world of work or have experienced multiple careers, whether you make decisions that affect others or are affected by others' decisions as their employee or customer, whether you're part of a multinational corporation or a small business or a ministry or a government, this book shows how you're affected by plantation economics. It then shows you the more profitable--beneficial--viewing, thinking, and living of capitalism through the framework of Partnership Economics. Better Capitalism adds value across the full landscape of capitalism and the bridged worlds of business and faith. Ready for that better way? Read on to unleash a more profitable and ethical capitalism.
Globalization and trade policies in Mexico. Comparison of two periods 1877-1911 and the 21st century
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Bayreuth, course: Economic History of France in Globalization, language: English, abstract: This paper analyzes the degree of Mexico's global integration focusing on trade, ignoring other characteristic aspects of globalization, for example, migration and free capital mobility. Specifically, three aspects of international trade will be taken as indicators of globalization grade: Trade strategy, tariff level, and openness ratio. Finally, the main research questions that this paper poses are the following: Can Mexico be seen as a more globalized country today when we compare its trade policies in the period between 1877 and 1911 and the 21st century? Or did Mexico fall under the recent "wave of protectionism"? In economic history, the period right before World War I, which is frequently known as the first wave of globalization, is the time when most of the developed economies went through a trade liberalization process. On the one hand, this fact makes it interesting to look at Mexico during the Porfiriato (1877-1911), since the country was also experiencing a pro- found reformation of its economy after 300 years of colonialization history and decades of turbu- lences after independence. During recent years, principally after the global financial crisis in 2007- 2008 on the other hand, the voices of trade protectionism became lauder, especially considering the use of tariffs as a political sanction of the current President of the United States, Donald Trump (Kommerskollegium, 2016, p. 2; Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, 2020). Therefore, this paper aims to briefly investigate if the new "wave of protectionism" also reached Mexico.
Better Capitalism
Sometime in your business life you've looked up from the task or person in front of you, paused before your head explodes, and thought to yourself, "There's got to be a better way!" This book offers you that better way. Whether you're in school preparing for the world of work or have experienced multiple careers, whether you make decisions that affect others or are affected by others' decisions as their employee or customer, whether you're part of a multinational corporation or a small business or a ministry or a government, this book shows how you're affected by plantation economics. It then shows you the more profitable--beneficial--viewing, thinking, and living of capitalism through the framework of Partnership Economics. Better Capitalism adds value across the full landscape of capitalism and the bridged worlds of business and faith. Ready for that better way? Read on to unleash a more profitable and ethical capitalism.
The Banks Did It
A comprehensive account of the rise and fall of the mortgage-securitization industry, which explains the complex roots of the 2008 financial crisis. More than a decade after the 2008 financial crisis plunged the world economy into recession, we still lack an adequate explanation for why it happened. Existing accounts identify a number of culprits--financial instruments, traders, regulators, capital flows--yet fail to grasp how the various puzzle pieces came together. The key, Neil Fligstein argues, is the convergence of major US banks on an identical business model: extracting money from the securitization of mortgages. But how, and why, did this convergence come about? The Banks Did It carefully takes the reader through the development of a banking industry dependent on mortgage securitization. Fligstein documents how banks, with help from the government, created the market for mortgage securities. The largest banks--Countrywide Financial, Bear Stearns, Citibank, and Washington Mutual--soon came to participate in every aspect of this market. Each firm originated mortgages, issued mortgage-backed securities, sold those securities, and, in many cases, acted as their own best customers by purchasing the same securities. Entirely reliant on the throughput of mortgages, these firms were unable to alter course even when it became clear that the market had turned on them in the mid-2000s. With the structural features of the banking industry in view, the rest of the story falls into place. Fligstein explains how the crisis was produced, where it spread, why regulators missed the warning signs, and how banks' dependence on mortgage securitization resulted in predatory lending and securities fraud. An illuminating account of the transformation of the American financial system, The Banks Did It offers important lessons for anyone with a stake in avoiding the next crisis.
The Economic Integration of Europe
The clearest and most up-to-date account of the achievements--and setbacks--of the European Union since 1945. Europe has been transformed since the Second World War. No longer a checkerboard of entirely sovereign states, the continent has become the largest single-market area in the world, with most of its members ceding certain economic and political powers to the central government of the European Union. This shift is the product of world-historical change, but the process is not well understood. The changes came in fits and starts. There was no single blueprint for reform; rather, the EU is the result of endless political turmoil and dazzling bureaucratic gymnastics. As Brexit demonstrates, there are occasional steps backward, too. Cutting through the complexity, Richard Pomfret presents a uniquely clear and comprehensive analysis of an incredible achievement in economic cooperation. The Economic Integration of Europe follows all the major steps in the creation of the single market since the postwar establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community. Pomfret identifies four stages of development: the creation of a customs union, the deepening of economic union with the Single Market, the years of monetary union and eastward expansion, and, finally, problems of consolidation. Throughout, he details the economic benefits, costs, and controversies associated with each step in the evolution of the EU. What lies ahead? Pomfret concludes that, for all its problems, Europe has grown more prosperous from integration and is likely to increase its power on the global stage.
Competition, Value and Distribution in Classical Economics
Drawing in particular on the work of Sraffa, Smith, Ricardo and Marx, the essays in this volume explore the characteristic features of the Classical economists' approach to economic problems, and the renewal of interest in that approach in modern times.
The Politicized Market Economy
The Politicized Market Economy: Alcohol in Brazil's Energy Strategy examines Brazil's ambitious National Alcohol Program (Proalcool) as a case study in the interplay between government policies and market forces in a politicized market economy. The book develops a comprehensive model for understanding how state officials and private investors mutually adjust their decisions in systems where the government exerts significant control over resource allocation. By exploring Brazil's energy strategy, particularly the shift toward renewable alcohol fuel as a petroleum substitute, the study illuminates the complexities of coordinating economic policies and private sector actions amidst political and institutional challenges. The book situates Brazil's Proalcool initiative within the broader historical and political context of its late industrialization and the authoritarian regime that governed from 1964 to 1985. It highlights the challenges faced in aligning sector-specific policies, such as subsidies and regulations, with private investment incentives. The study also delves into the resistance of state entities like Petrobras and the financial bureaucracy, which created significant obstacles for the alcohol program despite national directives. Through its analysis, the book sheds light on the broader implications of Brazil's steered economy for understanding the dynamics of state-led development and offers a framework for comparative analysis of politicized market economies worldwide. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Deindustrialization, Distribution, and Development
The term rust belt has rarely been associated with developing countries. In fact, it is commonly used to discuss deindustrialization in advanced nations, particularly the US. However, this book argues that such a belt is now threatening the middle-income developing world, spreading across Brazil and other countries in Latin America, running down across South Africa, and then upwards to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines in South East Asia. Deindustrialization, Distribution, and Development: Structural Change in the Global South explores the emergent processes of stalled industrialization and the spectre of deindustrialization in these developing countries. Building upon the author's previous work on economic development, structural change, and income inequality, this book examines the causes and consequences of these new issues, focusing on inequality both between and within countries since the Cold War. Providing a comparative, in-depth analysis of the varieties of contemporary structural change in the Global South and challenging many long-standing myths, this work explains why late development remains a crucial concept in understanding contemporary development and explores what deindustrialization means for the future of global development.
Strategies for African Development
Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, brings together the work of leading African and international experts to address the continent's persistent economic and social crises. Emerging from the Committee on African Development Strategies, the volume situates Africa's development challenges within both internal policy shortcomings and external shocks, such as fluctuating commodity prices, debt burdens, and donor dependence. Rather than offering panaceas, the contributors emphasize the difficult but essential balance between African-led reforms--particularly in agriculture, governance, and population policy--and more effective, better-coordinated international aid. With a clear-eyed examination of how political instability, weak institutions, and distorted economic incentives have stifled growth, the book underscores the urgency of linking aid to performance and channeling scarce resources into strategies that strengthen both productivity and self-reliance. At the same time, the collection recognizes the pivotal role of external partners, especially the United States, in shaping the trade, debt, and aid environment within which African economies operate. Essays examine sectoral strategies in agriculture, industry, and education while stressing the long-term requirements for building scientific capacity, institutional accountability, and regional trade links. By framing Africa's challenges as both a continental responsibility and a shared global concern, Strategies for African Development speaks to policymakers, scholars, and practitioners committed to fostering self-sustaining growth. It makes a compelling case that Africa's future prosperity hinges on a compact of mutual commitment: Africans implementing reforms attuned to local realities, and donors providing sustained, higher-quality support aligned with those reforms. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Strategies for African Development
Strategies for African Development, edited by Robert J. Berg and Jennifer Seymour Whitaker, brings together the work of leading African and international experts to address the continent's persistent economic and social crises. Emerging from the Committee on African Development Strategies, the volume situates Africa's development challenges within both internal policy shortcomings and external shocks, such as fluctuating commodity prices, debt burdens, and donor dependence. Rather than offering panaceas, the contributors emphasize the difficult but essential balance between African-led reforms--particularly in agriculture, governance, and population policy--and more effective, better-coordinated international aid. With a clear-eyed examination of how political instability, weak institutions, and distorted economic incentives have stifled growth, the book underscores the urgency of linking aid to performance and channeling scarce resources into strategies that strengthen both productivity and self-reliance. At the same time, the collection recognizes the pivotal role of external partners, especially the United States, in shaping the trade, debt, and aid environment within which African economies operate. Essays examine sectoral strategies in agriculture, industry, and education while stressing the long-term requirements for building scientific capacity, institutional accountability, and regional trade links. By framing Africa's challenges as both a continental responsibility and a shared global concern, Strategies for African Development speaks to policymakers, scholars, and practitioners committed to fostering self-sustaining growth. It makes a compelling case that Africa's future prosperity hinges on a compact of mutual commitment: Africans implementing reforms attuned to local realities, and donors providing sustained, higher-quality support aligned with those reforms. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
The Politicized Market Economy
The Politicized Market Economy: Alcohol in Brazil's Energy Strategy examines Brazil's ambitious National Alcohol Program (Proalcool) as a case study in the interplay between government policies and market forces in a politicized market economy. The book develops a comprehensive model for understanding how state officials and private investors mutually adjust their decisions in systems where the government exerts significant control over resource allocation. By exploring Brazil's energy strategy, particularly the shift toward renewable alcohol fuel as a petroleum substitute, the study illuminates the complexities of coordinating economic policies and private sector actions amidst political and institutional challenges. The book situates Brazil's Proalcool initiative within the broader historical and political context of its late industrialization and the authoritarian regime that governed from 1964 to 1985. It highlights the challenges faced in aligning sector-specific policies, such as subsidies and regulations, with private investment incentives. The study also delves into the resistance of state entities like Petrobras and the financial bureaucracy, which created significant obstacles for the alcohol program despite national directives. Through its analysis, the book sheds light on the broader implications of Brazil's steered economy for understanding the dynamics of state-led development and offers a framework for comparative analysis of politicized market economies worldwide. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Competitive Agents in Certain and Uncertain Markets
For all its elaborate theories and models, economics always reduces to comparisons. Should we build A rather than B? Will I be better off if I eat D rather than C? How much will it cost me to produce F instead of E? At root, the ultimate goal of economics is simple: assessing the alternatives and finding the best possible outcome. This basic mathematical concept underlies all introductions to the field of economics, yet as advanced students progress through the discipline, they often lose track of this foundational idea when presented with real-world complications and uncertainty. In Competitive Agents in Certain and Uncertain Markets, Robert G. Chambers develops an integrated analytic framework for treating consumer, producer, and market equilibrium analyses as special cases of a generic optimization problem. He builds on lessons learned by all beginning students of economics to show how basic concepts can still be applied even in complex and highly uncertain conditions. Drawing from optimization theory, Chambers demonstrates how the same unified mathematical framework applies to both stochastic and non-stochastic decision settings. The book borrows from both convex and variational analysis and gives special emphasis to differentiability, conjugacy theory, and Fenchel's Duality Theorem. Throughout, Chambers includes practical examples, problems, and exercises to make abstract material accessible. Bringing together essential theoretical tools for understanding decision-making under uncertainty, Competitive Agents in Certain and Uncertain Markets provides a unified framework for analyzing a broad range of microeconomic decisions. This book will be an invaluable resource for advanced graduate students and scholars of microeconomic theory.
Value Proposition
The book discusses, elaborates on and answers questions to the following points: Firstly, what has changed through the information technology represented by software, Internet and big data? How do these changes effect the production relationships, the production mode and the industrial development model? Can China realize a "great-leap-forward" in economic development by promoting such a new Internet economy? Secondly, what is the format shown by the Internet economy? Is the Internet economy a market economy, or a planned economy, or is it an economic complex format which combines the planned economy and the market economy? What is the structure of the future economy? Which entities will compete with each other throughout the industries? What is the format of the future financial investment industry? Why does the Internet economy have a revolutionary impact on the economic base and the superstructure? Thirdly, let us look back on the traditional manufacturing industry. What on earth is the core value of the manufacturing industry? How is the core technology and core value of manufacturing realized? Why can it be that the industrial Internet will become a rare historical opportunity for China's manufacturing industry and economy to achieve a "great-leap-forward" development? Finally, in the big economic tide of Internet and big data, what are the future variables of China's economy? What is the established economic policy of the United States for the global economy and industries? How should the economic variables of the United States be best dealt with, those that are determined as "US priority" and "the return of manufacturing industry" strongly promoted by the U.S. President Trump?
One Year of Living with COVID-19
Using the ADB COVID-19 Policy Database, this report examines how ADB members have dealt with the pandemic. It includes information on the amounts of the packages announced by ADB members during 2020 to combat the effects of COVID-19. The report analyzes the specific measures taken, classified into liquidity support, credit creation, long-term lending, equity support, and health and income support. The analysis focuses on the financial statement effects of a given measure, in particular: (i) who, if anyone, bears the financial burden of the measure and in what form?; and (ii) does the measure create more debt or more income (e.g., net worth or equity, other things being equal) for the recipients?
The Theory of Economic Development
Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) is one of the most fascinating and influential economists of the twentieth century, renowned for his brilliant and unorthodox insights into the nature of capitalism. His students include leading economists such as Paul Samuelson, Robert Solow and the former chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan.The Theory of Economic Development is one of Schumpeter's most important books and the one that made him famous. He poses a fundamental question: why does economic development proceed cyclically rather than evenly? Turning prevailing economic theory, which approached economics as equilibrium, on its head, Schumpeter argues it is because economics is constantly transformed by its own internal forces. These forces are the 'circular flow' of economic life; economic development, characterised by disruption and innovation; and finally, the levers that push and pull capitalism including credit, profit and interest. These are all manifested in the 'business cycle', one of Schumpeter's major contributions to understanding economics and now a perennial feature of virtually all economics and business curricula. He is also the first economist to place the entrepreneur at the heart of capitalism, anticipating subsequent fascination with entrepreneurship in popular business and management writing. Schumpeter also lays the groundwork for his subsequent, highly influential idea of the 'creative destruction' characteristic of radical and rapid economic change. The Theory of Economic Development remains a vital, magisterial account of economics and the nature of capitalism whose many insights remain highly relevant today. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Introduction by Richard Swedberg.
Central Bank Independence and the Legacy of the German Past
The 2008 financial crisis led to more and more frequent political attacks on central banks. The recent spotlight on central bank independence is reminiscent of the fiery debates amongst Germany's political elites in 1949 on the same issue; debates that were sparked by the establishment of West Germany in that year. Simon Mee shows how, with the establishment of West Germany's central bank - today's Deutsche Bundesbank - the country's monetary history became a political football, as central bankers, politicians, industrialists and trade unionists all vied for influence over the legal provisions that set out the remit of the future monetary authority. The author reveals how a specific version of inter-war history, one that stresses the lessons learned from Germany's periods of inflation, was weaponised and attached to a political, contemporary argument for an independent central bank. The book challenges assumptions around the evolution of central bank independence with continued relevance today.
Alliances for Sustainable Development
A lively and hands-on exploration of corporate-NGO alliances. It offers original insight to understand why alliances exist and to what end. It also looks into the asymmetries between partners and dwells on three crucial aspects of alliances management: alliance capacity development, stakeholder involvement and alliance metrics.
Return on Investment for Healthcare Quality Improvement
This book offers a comprehensive overview of performing return-on-investment (ROI) analyses for healthcare quality improvement (QI). In the United States, healthcare policy regarding physician and facility payment/reimbursement is steadily trending towards the use of "value-based" systems and away from the traditional "fee-for-service" (FFS) payment mechanisms. Healthcare professionals and organizations who have previously focused on quality metrics are now finding themselves burdened with having to define and assess value metrics, without much guidance or assistance. This volume aims to be a guide and a reference for healthcare professionals tasked with estimating and establishing ROI for QI.Chapters describe the general framework for how to perform QI; establish standard definitions of important terms, concepts, and calculations; and provide specific instructions for how to complete each step of an ROI analysis. These include: selecting a QI initiativeand identifying the associated metrics, establishing measurable, monetizable, and attributable costs and benefits, determining the appropriate scope and perspective, calculating ROI and related metrics (payback period, benefit-to-cost ratio, etc.), comparing with established benchmarks or previously published results, and interpreting the results for the intended audience. In addition, chapters offer examples of real studies (or hypothetical studies of real situations), as well as templates for several of the necessary activities that readers can leverage for their own use.Return on Investment for Healthcare Quality Improvement is a must-have resource for healthcare providers, administrators, and other professionals who work in healthcare organizations, hospitals and other healthcare settings, health systems, and residency programs seeking to obtain outside funding, as well as policy makers and administrators of federal programs.
Who’s to Blame for Greece?
This expanded and enlarged third edition of Theodore Pelagidis and Michael Mitsopoulos' popular Who's to Blame for Greece? covers almost a decade of Greece's economic crisis from 2009 to 2019, as well as recent developments in the first months of 2020. It provides an overview of recent developments in the Greek economy and outlines the most important obstacles to a return to robust and sustainable growth rates. It considers the new optimism being developed in Greece after the crisis, but also the policy challenges facing Greece emanating from a deeply hurt economy in the aftermath of the crisis and the structural problems that persist. The book covers the most recent issues that affect the Greek economy including, the migration crisis at the borders with Turkey as well as a faltering global economy hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. This book will appeal to researchers, practitioners and policy makers interested in the EU and the political economy of Greece andoffers valuable updates on the second edition.
The Evolution of the Toyota Production System
This book utilizes historical evidence to describe the development of the Toyota Production System (TPS). The development of TPS typifies the transformation of production control in interchangeable industries in the twentieth century. Much of the extensive literature available on TPS has been geared toward describing TPS from a number of different perspectives. Many researchers consider TPS distinct from American mass-production systems. Although TPS (and, more generally, the production control systems in the Japanese assembly industry) has differentiated itself from similar US production systems, the evolution of TPS is largely attributable to attempts to learn from, imitate, and modify pre-World War II US production methods. Through these efforts, TPS has achieved levels of efficiency in Japan comparable to those of US production systems. Additionally, a reliance on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in relation to production control has facilitated the development of TPS. The literature on TPS, however, has largely ignored the vital relationship between ICT and production control due to an inordinate focus on "Kanban." Kanban translates to "signboard" in Japanese but is used to refer to an organic linkage between work in preceding and subsequent production processes. This book sheds light on the development of a fully digitalized Bill of Materials (BOM) at Toyota, behind its Kanban and production control.
The Philosophy of ’As If’
Hans Vaihinger (1852-1933) was an important and fascinating figure in German philosophy in the early twentieth century, founding the well-known journal Kant-Studien. Yet he was overshadowed by the burgeoning movements of phenomenology and analytical philosophy, as well as hostility towards his work because of his defense of Jewish scholars in a Germany controlled by Nazism.However, it is widely acknowledged today that The Philosophy of 'As If' is a philosophical masterwork. Vaihinger argues that in the face of an overwhelmingly complex world, we produce a simpler set of ideas, or idealizations, that help us negotiate it. When cast as fictions, such ideas provide an easier and more useful way to think about certain subjects, from mathematics and physics to law and morality, than would the truth in all its complexity. Even in science, he wrote, we must proceed "as if " a material world exists independently of perceiving subjects; in behaviour, we must act "as if " ethical certainty were possible; in religion, we must believe "as if" there were a God. He also explores the role of fictions in the history of philosophy, going back to the ancient Greeks and the work of Leibniz, Adam Smith and Bentham.The Philosophy of 'As If' was a powerful influence on the emerging philosophical movement of pragmatism and was groundbreaking in its anticipation of the central role that model-building and simulation would come to play in the human sciences.This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Michael A. Rosenthal, which provides a fascinating and important background to Vaihinger's life and the legacy of The Philosophy of 'As If'.
Office of the Special Project Facilitator’s Lessons Learned
This publication discusses issues and resolutions on the clean energy and network efficiency investment project in Sri Lanka as one of the Office of the Special Project Facilitator's Lessons Learned series of case studies on complaint management.The Office of the Special Project Facilitator is responsible for the problem-solving function of ADB's Accountability Mechanism. It aims to actively respond to the concerns of people affected by ADB-assisted projects through fair, transparent, and consensus-based problem-solving. The case studies in series aim to support ADB operations departments, government and private sector partners, and other stakeholders by documenting grievance redress management experiences and identifying important lessons and good practices on problem-solving that are useful for future projects.
Highlights of ADB’s Cooperation with Civil Society Organizations 2020
This annual report provides insights on ADB's cooperation with civil society organizations (CSOs) in 2020, featuring lessons and success stories in Asia and the Pacific.Partnerships with CSOs help promote community participation and social inclusion throughout the project cycle of ADB-financed operations. In 2020, ADB approved a new indicator for assessing civil society engagement as part of its efforts to enhance commitment to CSO engagement. The annual report looks at how ADB cooperation with CSOs during the year contributed to generating knowledge, tapping expertise, sharing good practices, and improving policy dialogues.
