Oil and Gas in Trinidad and Tobago
Oil and Gas in Trinidad and Tobago presents a historical economic review of the energy sector of Trinidad and Tobago, followed by a detailed evaluation of policies associated with resource abundance and the effects on the economy from various perspectives, including industrialization, labor productivity, education, export diversification, and competitiveness. This book utilizes a wide range of statistical data and methodologies to both economically and statistically analyze these issues at hand. The content of this book will be useful not only for policymakers but also for researchers and students interested in the field.
Screening Tool for Energy Evaluation of Projects
This publication guides users on applying the Screening Tool for Energy Evaluation of Projects (STEEP), which is designed to support efforts to improve energy use efficiency in water and wastewater treatment systems. The publication provides a detailed overview of STEEP and explains how to navigate the tool's various interfaces when conducting energy use assessments of proposed or existing water supply and wastewater treatment systems. Since 2017, STEEP has been under continuous development based on pilot assessments carried out in various projects financed by the Asian Development Bank. STEEP is available online and can be downloaded for free.
Smallholder Farmers' Participation In Off-Farm Activities. The Case Of Bambasi Wereda, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 4.00, course: Developmental Economics, language: English, abstract: This study focuses on the analysis of off-farm participation of smallholder farmer's of the study area. A cross-sectional sampling procedure was employed to draw data from a random sample of 248 respondents. A two-stage Heckman model was used to investigate determinants of off-farm participation decision and intensity of off-farm participation. The assessment of impact of participation of off-farm activities on income of smallholder farmers have been addressed through estimating the average treatment effect by using the estimated propensity score matching. The Majority of the world's poor live in rural areas of developing countries are depending on agriculture and its related activities as a source of livelihood. But agriculture alone cannot provide sufficient livelihood opportunities to sustain life. There are other methods to supplement agriculture like, rural off-farm activities. The result of the two-stage Heckman model and estimate of average treatment effect (ATE) revealed variables that affect off-farm participation and intensity of off-farm participation. Also, the estimate of average treatment effect indicated that off-farm participation have a significant and positive impact on income of smallholder farmers of the study area. In the policy implications, it was recommended that implementation of Strategies that direct on the improvement of educational status of rural farmers, Policies that focus on increasing the farm incomes of the smallholders through intensive farming systems and raising their market bargaining power, the creation of conductive environment for the development of off-farm activities and implementation of Policies that encourage more participation of youth age than the old ages on off-farm activities.
Tax incentives for international profit shifting within multinational groups
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: 1,0, University of Tubingen, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at estimating the magnitude of such tax avoidance strategies by the means of international profit shifting. While income shifting of multinational firms is a hotly debated issue among policymakers, this study indeed finds empirical evidence that multinationals respond to international tax differences. On average, it finds a semi-elasticity of -1.25 of firm profits with respect to a country's corporate tax rate. In recent years, globalization and increasing mobility have brought nations closer together but have also encouraged them to compete internationally over tax bases as source of government revenue. Both innovations in financial instruments and the free flow of capital across borders have facilitated tax avoidance measures of multinational operations.
An Economic Eclipse
The average American produces about five pounds of trash, every single day!An Economic Eclipse is a book about the use of business as an institution to spearhead waste reduction in the daily lives of individuals. Specifically, it explores principles that business leaders can adopt to harmonize their work with the circular economic movement and zero-waste ideology.Within these pages, you will discover the potential of social entrepreneurship and how the corporate world can be a driver of positive change, rather than a parasitic drain on the environment. You'll learn about viable closed-loop systems through stories such as: Environmental entrepreneur Kresse Wesling's journey turning used firehoses into designer bagsCircular company Orange Fiber's inspiration for making luxury fabric from orange peelsChef Matt Stone's experience serving zero-waste culinary creationsThis book will enhance your repertoire about the current state of our planet and addictive consumption habits. It speaks to passionate activists and forward-thinking individuals who want to re-evaluate our capitalistic economy's social and environmental impacts. An Economic Eclipse removes the stigma of waste as a bleak end-of-life existence by revealing that it is, in fact, a creative and profitable key to our future.
Learning with Fun, Agricultural Economics and Agri-Business
This book is prepared for beginners and students who want to understand agriculture economics, including the agricultural business. This book is deliberately structured in a concise and simple manner so that it can be easily understood by students at school or university. We as writers try to provide a brief and detailed overview to build an understanding of agriculture economics with 3 main topics followed by 3 derivative discussions as follows: 1. Understanding Agriculture What Is Agriculture Agriculture and Economics History and Development of Agriculture 2. Understanding Agribusiness What is Agribusiness Understanding Business and Company Understanding Business Feasibility Study 3. Understanding Agriculture Economics Basic Concepts of Agricultural Economics Understanding Economic System Applications of Economics in Agriculture We write using our point of view as writers who come from different continents, namely Europe and Asia so that we can present writing from an eastern and western perspective. We try to unify our viewpoints and understandings about economic agriculture, which sometimes have differences. Through a long discussion, we put it in this book with the hope of providing insights for readers.
The Korean Developmental State
This book analyzes, from a historical comparative perspective, the Korean economic development model, the extent to which it has changed from its classical model, and what constitutes its changes and continuity. Unlike studies claims the dissolution of Korean developmentalism, the book holds that the Korean state maintains its characteristics of state-led capitalism despite significant changes in policies and instruments rather than converge toward an AngloSaxon-style free market system. It emphasizes that the continuity of state-led capitalism is compatible with institutional change. Some institutionalists insist that the continuity of Korean developmentalism is based on path dependency. In contrast, this book argues that Korean capitalism could sustain its state developmentalism by changes in policies and instruments to improve national industrial competitiveness in the changed context of international competition. This book will be of interest to East Asian scholars, comparative economists, and those curious about the future of the Korean peninsula.
On the Measurement of Social Phenomena
This book explores the analysis of social phenomena, using a multidisciplinary approach while addressing statistical, economic, sociological, as well as psychological issues.The author presents a detailed account of the procedures and techniques used to gather, process, and analyze data. Topics covered include, but are not limited to survey data, content analysis data, data visualization, as well as data about crimes.The book addresses this methodological framework that drives applied social sciences in an applicative and simple way, by analyzing key social phenomena such as the threats to journalism, the so-called chilling effect, and the market for news. Finally, the author examines the data and measures of the recent COVID-19 pandemic.This book is a must-read for everybody interested in a better understanding of the methodological analysis of social phenomena, social and political methodology, and applied science in general.
The Multivariate Normal Distribution
This book provides the reader with user-friendly applications of normal distribution. In several variables it is called the multinormal distribution which is often handled using matrices for convenience. The author seeks to make the arguments less abstract and hence, starts with the univariate case and moves progressively toward the vector and matrix cases. The approach used in the book is a gradual one, going from one scalar variable to a vector variable and to a matrix variable. The author presents the unified aspect of normal distribution, as well as addresses several other issues, including random matrix theory in physics.Other well-known applications, such as Herrnstein and Murray's argument that human intelligence is substantially influenced by both inherited and environmental factors, will be discussed in this book. It is a better predictor of many personal dynamics - including financial income, job performance, birth out of wedlock, and involvement in crime - than are an individual's parental socioeconomic status, or education level, and deserve to be mentioned and discussed.
Understanding Economic Equilibrium
Understanding Economic Equilibrium reveals how all markets fit together, and how we as individuals fit into that bigger picture.Economic agents all over the world are trying to maximize their returns given their efforts, resources, and opportunities. They come together in markets that ultimately allocate goods and services among many competing interests. We can readily see how individual markets behave; it's more difficult, but exponentially more important, to recognize the general equilibrium across all markets. Disturbances in one market have implications for others.These interrelationships are particularly important to understand when policy changes are being considered where actions in one market will impose changes on other markets, and not always in obvious or pleasant ways. Understanding Economic Equilibrium reveals how all markets fit together, and how we as individuals fit into that bigger picture.
OECD Economic Surveys
Indonesia experienced its first recession in over two decades in 2020, although large-scale fiscal stimulus and monetary support limited its depth and impact. The approval of an ambitious package of structural reforms, covering labour laws, taxes and ease of doing business, testifies of the authorities' commitment to attract high-quality investment that will enhance wealth and well-being. This is key at a time when Indonesia embarks in trade and investment liberalisation through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership with East Asia and Oceania partners, with new opportunities and challenges. Nevertheless, the pandemic leaves behind strong headwinds. The COVID-19 impact compounds pre-existing challenges, notably a very high incidence of informality and relatively low levels of skills. Uncertainty surrounds the vaccination roll-out and the resumption of a normal life, especially for children who have been deprived of school for an unprecedentedly-long period. The crisis will have a lasting effect on some vulnerable socio-economic sectors and therefore requires improvements in the delivery of social services. SPECIAL FEATURE: SKILLS
National Accounts of OECD Countries, Volume 2021 Issue 1
This publication covers expenditure-based GDP, output-based GDP, income-based GDP, GDP per capita, disposable income, saving and net lending, population and employment...
Becoming Inclusive
To disrupt current polarization and tribalism, and meet the growing demands of globalization, organizations and communities must evolve. Such profound transformation begins with developing leaders who are prepared to create inclusion in boardrooms, classrooms, hospitals, communities, and beyond. Through the lens of her own story of immigrating from Iran to the United States and her experience leading diversity programs in health care and education, Dr. Helen Fagan presents a challenging discussion of the research along with a frank, intimate look at the very hard work leaders must do at an individual level to overcome personal obstacles to inclusion. Becoming Inclusive reveals the systemic problems of organizational bias and prejudice and shows university students, instructors, organizational and government leaders a path forward. This work seeks to fill the gap in the management, leadership and diversity field of work that focuses on the need to transform the mindsets of individual leaders from tribal to global, in order to address the big issues facing humanity.
Fiscal Control of Pollution
This volume analyses the process and structure of ecotaxes in India to bring forth its rationale, application and incidence on emerging environmental problems on the backdrop of the environmental issues confronted by the Indian economy. Being at infant stage in India, the concept of ecotaxes is plagued with large empirical difficulties. This book provides a holistic understanding of the complexities in the design and implementation of these fiscal instruments at the country level. After elaborating on the theory, history of its applications, the book provides an innovative methodological exercise. It examines the adequacy and relevance of ecotaxation in the Indian context, along with ensuring that the distortions due to the proposed levy are minimised. The incidence of these taxes on the households, the double dividend hypothesis and the effect on competitiveness of the producer are a few of the core themes elaborated upon in this book. This is demonstrated through a linear general equilibrium framework of Environmentally extended Social Accounting Matrix (E-SAM).The book provides material for the researchers and graduate students on the methodological structure of eco-taxes. The proposed methodological intervention could be utilised by the researchers who wish to analyse the macroeconomic impact of any tax through the framework of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Additionally, the process as well as the implications and nuances provided in the book will assist the policy makers to design innovative policies for dealing with environmental issues. The volume also has something for the practitioners by helping them comprehend various effects of these instruments on different stake holders of the economy and thus will be useful as a policy prescription. The three policy scenarios analysed in this study could be considered by the policymakers while attempting to design these instruments in the Indian context and thus ending the extensive reliance on the age oldand grossly ineffective Command and Control (CAC) Policies.
Economics for a Healthy Planet
Scientists have told us we are destroying the planet. Most of us get it, we have even declared a climate change emergency. So why aren't we treating it like an emergency? As long as we strive to grow our economies, we will consume more man-made goods that damage the planet and take our lives further away from nature. Economic growth over the past century is unprecedented, but the majority of the increased prosperity has been enjoyed by a tiny minority of billionaires, while most of us feel far from wealthy. We are trapped in vicious circles, where the more we grow our economies, the more we need to earn and spend to take part in modern society. With the tipping point for irreversible damage from climate change only 10 years away, we cannot simply rely on individuals to do their bit, we also need top-down policies to change collective behaviours. This book proposes economic policies which access the vast profits of multinationals and billionaires to share the wealth with the many, not the few, break the vicious circles of economic growth and instead harness virtuous circles of nature, in a way that is accessible to those outside the technical world of economics.
Economics for a Healthy Planet
Scientists have told us we are destroying the planet. Most of us get it, we have even declared a climate change emergency. So why aren't we treating it like an emergency? As long as we strive to grow our economies, we will consume more man-made goods that damage the planet and take our lives further away from nature. Economic growth over the past century is unprecedented, but the majority of the increased prosperity has been enjoyed by a tiny minority of billionaires, while most of us feel far from wealthy. We are trapped in vicious circles, where the more we grow our economies, the more we need to earn and spend to take part in modern society. With the tipping point for irreversible damage from climate change only 10 years away, we cannot simply rely on individuals to do their bit, we also need top-down policies to change collective behaviours. This book proposes economic policies which access the vast profits of multinationals and billionaires to share the wealth with the many, not the few, break the vicious circles of economic growth and instead harness virtuous circles of nature, in a way that is accessible to those outside the technical world of economics.
Becoming Inclusive
To disrupt current polarization and tribalism, and meet the growing demands of globalization, organizations and communities must evolve. Such profound transformation begins with developing leaders who are prepared to create inclusion in boardrooms, classrooms, hospitals, communities, and beyond. Through the lens of her own story of immigrating from Iran to the United States and her experience leading diversity programs in health care and education, Dr. Helen Fagan presents a challenging discussion of the research along with a frank, intimate look at the very hard work leaders must do at an individual level to overcome personal obstacles to inclusion. Becoming Inclusive reveals the systemic problems of organizational bias and prejudice and shows university students, instructors, organizational and government leaders a path forward. This work seeks to fill the gap in the management, leadership and diversity field of work that focuses on the need to transform the mindsets of individual leaders from tribal to global, in order to address the big issues facing humanity.
Economic-Mathematical Methods and Models Under Uncertainty
In this book on mathematical programming, the postulate spacial-time certainty of economic process at uncertainty conditions in finite-dimensional vector space and the principle piecewise-linear homogeneity of economic process at uncertainty conditions in finite-dimensional vector space are first suggested. A special theory on constructing piecewise-linear economic-mathematical models was developed, and a criterion of multivariate prediction of economic process and their control at uncertainty conditions in a finite-dimensional vector space was suggested. A packet of numerical programs for computer simulation in constructing and multivariate prediction of economic state with the help of n-element piecewise-linear economic-mathematical models with regard to the uncertainty factors effect in m-dimensional vector space is also suggested. This book is intended for students of economic and administrative specialties as well as for research associates in the sphere of economic-mathematical methods, management, and banking.
Creative Context
The purpose of this volume is to broaden scholars' analytical perspective by placing the creative industries in frameworks that compare and contrast them with other kinds of entities, organizations, and social forms that mix creativity and production. In other words, this volume aims to set out an emerging agenda for the study of creativity in the cultural and media industries. Although this work focuses on the media and cultural industries, they are investigated in the context of other groups and organizations connecting forms of creativity with an explicit emphasis on turning ideas into concrete practices and products. The originality of this book lies in (1) presenting a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective that develops a new framework and analytical concepts to understand the notion of creativity in the media and cultural industries, and (2) providing a series of fresh empirically based studies of the process of creativity in fields such as advertising, fashion, animation, and pop culture. This comparative move is taken in order to generate new insights about the particular features of the creative industries and new questions for future analysis.
Economic Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is vastly diverse, and the 49 countries of the region range significantly in terms of population, size and economic scale. The region also differs in topography, climate, history, culture, languages and political systems. Given this vast diversity, it is, accordingly, difficult to draw general conclusions about the continent's economic performance as a whole. Additionally, the lack of current statistics for several countries makes it difficult to make accurate assessments of economic conditions. Nevertheless, some broad comparisons can be made: of the world's developing areas, sub-Saharan Africa has the worst record in virtually all of the most important social and economic indicators: the region has the lowest gross national income per head, the lowest life expectancy at birth, the lowest youth literacy rate, the highest rate of adult HIV infection and the highest number of children not living past five years of age. This volume begins by examining recent economic developments and trends. It then looks at the major economic constraints the region has faced in recent years, breaking down those constraints as either 'external' (e.g. terms of trade) over which the individual countries have but limited control, or 'internal' (e.g. governance and economic policy), over which there is more control. The book concludes by arguing that, despite the notable challenges cited above, sub-Saharan Africa is poised for a transformation, based on closer regional economic co-operation, a growing middle class, increased demand for locally produced goods and services, and a young population.
Economic Growth and Demographic Transition in Third World Nations
This volume presents a new perspective on demographic transition, economic growth, and national development via exploration of the Third World economies. It provides a multidimensional approach to the close relationship between the concept of the chaos and complexity theory and provides a deliberate glance into the plight of policy formulation for demographic transition, economic growth, and development of Third World countries. The volume discusses the efficiency of good strategies and practices and their impact on business growth and economic growth, depending on the depth and diversity of infrastructure sector in particular and overall socioeconomic development in general.Economic Growth and Demographic Transition in Third World Nations: A Chaos and Complexity Theory Perspective covers a conglomeration of various aspects and issues related to the effect of demographic transition on socio-economic development in Third World countries, especially in the post-globalized era. It focuses on the applicability of the chaos and complexity theory in order to elicit transformational policies and aims to discuss and predict future projections of the new world of the economic growth policies.
Wanjiku in Global Development
In Kenya, the name 'Wanjiku' epitomizes the ordinary person, the citizen, in the context of national socio-political and socio-economic discourse. The origins of the name are in the often heated national debates on political, economic, and rights-related issues where elite self-interest oftentakes precedence. Aligned with economic thinking from western schools of thought, the elite often acts without much attention to Wanjiku's daily challenges of survival or completely ignores her well-developed modes of survival as a demonstration of a sound system worth paying attention to.In Wanjiku in Global Development: Everyday Ordinary Women Livelihood Economy in Kenya, Kinyanjui captures Wanjiku's systematic approach to day-to-day activities that undergirded participants' and society's common good. Call it the Wanjiku Business Model. In the true spirit of Ubuntu, market women (Wanjiku) operate within a set of unwritten rules that assure optimization of collective good from interacting among themselves and with others. The Wanjiku Business Model is well illustrated through a number of case studies that further capture its sound basis.Kinyanjui presents a major lesson we can learn from Wanjiku, namely: life does not have to be about cutthroat competition, winners and losers!
The Russian Far East
The Russian Far East is one of the most strategically important regions of Russia. The Russian Far East and the development of its manufacturing strength determine Russia's role in a major economic area of the world: the Asia-Pacific region. The degree to which the transportation, telecommunications, and social infrastructure of the Pacific coast of Russia are developed will predetermine the export potential of the country. This important research presents the strategic scenario for the most effective use of resources of the Russian Far East.
Ordoliberalism and European Economic Policy
This edited volume examines the historical roots of ordoliberalism, shows how ordoliberal scholars explain the institutional origins of the Eurozone crisis, and presents creative policy proposals for the future of the European economy.
Essentials of Econometrics
Logically organized and accessible, this updated Fifth Edition of Gujarati's classic text provides students with an overview of the basics of econometric theory from ordinal logistic regression to time series. Student friendly and easy to understand, the book helps beginning students understand econometric techniques through extensive examples, careful explanations, and a wide array of chapter-ending questions and problems.
Entering The Chinese Market
Entering the Chinese Market aims to assist Western businesses and entrepreneurs to understand and effectively enter the Chinese market.With its dual appeal as the world's factory and the largest consumer market worldwide, China is about to become the preferred playing field for American and European businesses with global ambitions. China's massive global development project, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), now includes more than two-thirds of the world's countries.Entering the Chinese Market aims to assist Western businesses and entrepreneurs to understand and effectively enter the Chinese market. An essential factor for the success of investors and professionals engaging in business in or with China is being able to understand and correctly set up a sustainable and effective corporate structure. This book discusses different company structures, their functions, and their respective liabilities and provides practical and operational observations.The book details all applicable decision-making processes to help you choose the most suitable structure based on your business scope, specific needs, and available capital when entering China. In addition, it discusses all relevant rules, regulations, documentation, and management issues related to the establishment of different types of structures such as WFOEs representative offices, joint ventures, and other forms of investment. Topics covered include tax, legal, intellectual property rights, common pitfalls, and ways to address them.
The MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics, fourth edition
an up-to-date authoritative reference designed primarily for students of economics but invaluable also to students of business and other social sciences and ideal for anyone who wants a brief explanation of an economic concept or institutionThe MIT Dictionary of Modern Economics is an up-to-date, authoritative reference designed primarily for students of business and other social sciences and ideal for anyone who wants a brief explanation of an economic concept or institution. In this fourth edition one entry in ten has been revised and one entry in twenty is new. Whereas the third edition increased the coverage of American institutions, this edition breaks new ground by including entries considered important from an Eastern European perspective. It also supplies comparative statistics on major economic variables for selected countries, describes the origins of widely used acronyms, and includes bibliographic references at the end of featured entries. The dictionary answers in a clear and concise way the enduring questions, which economists have considered for two centuries or more, as well as the issues of the moment, such as economic change in Europe, the problems of pollution, or the prospects for greater freedom of trade. With close to 2,800 entries it is comprehensive in its coverage of theory, national and international institutions, schools of thought, and important economists, including recent Nobel Prize winners. The dictionary was compiled initially by an experienced team of economists at Aberdeen University in the United Kingdom, and new authors have been recruited to provide international expertise, reflecting changes in the structure of the international economy. This fourth edition was prepared by John Cairns, Robert Elliott, Ian McAvinchey, and Robert Shaw, all of the Economics Department, University of Aberdeen.
Structure, Agency and Theory
"Structure, Agency and Theory" challenges common readings of Marx' and Engels' historical materialism and argues the necessity of abandoning their conception of the dialectic of forces and relations of production as the motive power of historical development and transformations because of its doubtful validity and deterministic implications. Instead another fundamental conception in historical materialism, the interaction between social circumstances and agency as the motive power of history, is accentuated with an emphasis on agents' experiences as a causal factor, arguing its potential in terms of historical explanation, and attempting to spell out some of its strategic implications for revolutionary socialism.
Asia Rising
From Simon & Schuster, Asia Rising is Jim Rowher's thesis on why America will prosper as Asia's economies boom. Rohwer contends that rather than posing a threat to American business, the revitalization of Asia's economic strength opens tremendous new markets and vast financial and business opportunities for forward-thinking companies--all this despite Asia's traditional role as a source of cheap labor.
Structure, Agency and Theory
"Structure, Agency and Theory" challenges common readings of Marx' and Engels' historical materialism and argues the necessity of abandoning their conception of the dialectic of forces and relations of production as the motive power of historical development and transformations because of its doubtful validity and deterministic implications. Instead another fundamental conception in historical materialism, the interaction between social circumstances and agency as the motive power of history, is accentuated with an emphasis on agents' experiences as a causal factor, arguing its potential in terms of historical explanation, and attempting to spell out some of its strategic implications for revolutionary socialism.
Investment, Volume 3
A presentation of the cost-of-capital approach for analyzing the economic impact of tax policy.This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the cost-of-capital approach for analyzing the economic impact of tax policy. This approach has provided an intellectual impetus for reforms of capital income taxation in the United States and around the world. The cost of capital and the marginal effective tax rate are combined with estimates of substitution possibilities by businesses and households in analyzing tax and spending programs. This makes it possible to evaluate tax reforms and changes in government spending. Studies of the economic impact of tax policies have taken two forms. First, the cost of capital has been incorporated into investment functions in macroeconomic models, which are used to model the short-run responses to tax policy changes. Second, the cost-of-capital approach has been integrated into applied general-equilibrium models used in evaluating the long-run economic effects of tax reforms.The cost-of-capital approach suggests two avenues for tax reform. One would retain the income tax base of the existing U.S. tax system, but would equalize tax burdens on all forms of assets as well as average and marginal tax rates on labor income. The other would substitute consumption for income as a tax base, while equating average and marginal tax rates on labor income.
Studies in Business-Cycle Theory
An academic colleague has called Lucas "the dominant figure in American macroeconomics." And another refers to this group of 14 essays, nearly all of which were first published during the 1970s, as the most influential contribution to macroeconomics in that decade.An article in Fortune a few years ago identified Robert Lucas as "the intellectual leader of the rational-expectations school." An academic colleague has called Lucas "the dominant figure in American macroeconomics." And another refers to this group of 14 essays, nearly all of which were first published during the 1970s, as the most influential contribution to macroeconomics in that decade.This volume includes: Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation (with Leonard A. Rapping); Unemployment in the Great Depression: Is there a Full Explanation? (with Leonard Rapping); Expectations and the Neutrality of Money; Econometric Testing of the Natural Rate Hypothesis; Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique; Some International Evidence on Output-Inflation Tradeoffs; Capacity, Overtime, and Empirical Production Function; Equilibrium Search and Unemployment (with Edward C. Prescott); An Equilibrium Model of the Business Cycle; Understanding Business Cycles; Unemployment Policy, Rules, Discretion, and the Role of the Economic Advisor a review of Towards Full Employment and Price Stability, A Report to the OECD by a Group of Independent Experts, by Paul McCracken et al.; and Methods and Problems in Business-Cycle Theory.
NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2005
Leading American and European economists discuss monetary and fiscal policy from an international macroeconomic perspective in a companion volume to the NBER Macroeconomics Annual: cutting-edge research on macroeconomic issues and topical questions concerning the eastward expansion of the European Monetary Union.The NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics brings together leading American and European economists to discuss a broad range of current issues in global macroeconomics. An international companion to the more American-focused NBER Macroeconomics Annual, the 2005 volume first explores macroeconomic issues of interest to all advanced economies, then analyzes topical questions concerning the eastward expansion of the European Monetary Union.
Endangered American Dream
One of America's most thoughtful and provocative strategists exposes the economic and cultural assumptions that have driven the U.S. to the brink of social and financial collapse. Edward Luttwak reveals a forceful new policy that can reverse America's decline.
Structure, Agency and Theory
"Structure, Agency and Theory" challenges common readings of Marx' and Engels' historical materialism and argues the necessity of abandoning their conception of the dialectic of forces and relations of production as the motive power of historical development and transformations because of its doubtful validity and deterministic implications. Instead another fundamental conception in historical materialism, the interaction between social circumstances and agency as the motive power of history, is accentuated with an emphasis on agents' experiences as a causal factor, arguing its potential in terms of historical explanation, and attempting to spell out some of its strategic implications for revolutionary socialism.
Energy Efficient Affordable Housing
Energy Efficiency Retrofits and Policy Design for Sustainable Affordable Housing.- The Design of Energy Programs in Canada: A Social Housing Lens.- Beyond Energy Efficiency: Investing in Social Affordable Housing in Vancouver.- Energy Efficiency Retrofits in Social & Affordable Housing in Toronto.- Renovation and Retrofit of Social Housing in Alberta.- Policy Design of New Energy Efficiency Retrofit Programs in Canada.- New Energy Efficient Retrofit Programs in Toronto and Vancouver.- Retrofits for the Future: Lessons from Affordable Housing and Energy Efficiency Programs in Canada.
Business Cycles and Structural Change in South Africa
This book investigates the South African business cycle and its links to structural change in the economy. Against the backdrop of the democratic transition in 1994 and the global financial crisis, the authors study how business cycles in South Africa have changed and how cycles are related to key developments in the financial markets, international trade and business sentiment in the country. By focusing on peaks and troughs in economic activity - so-called 'turning-point cycles' - the book links up with the common approach of international policymakers to studying fluctuations in economic activity. The authors also introduce new approaches to measuring phases of the business cycle (to understand slow recoveries after the global crisis), provide comprehensive descriptions to complement quantitative analyses, and utilize new data sources that allow the measurement of economic activity over longer periods. As such, the book provides the first integrated overview of business cycles inan emerging market, providing academics and policymakers with a better understanding of the measurement challenges and drivers of the cycle.
The Evolutionary Invisible Hand
The book presents a new theoretical approach to the description of economic phenomena over time. A realistic and meaningful description of economic phenomena over time is one of the basic preconditions for the success of any economic theory. The presented theoretical solution or proposal has two main characteristics. The first is a modification of the theory of subjective value in the form of the claim that one perceives the satisfaction of one's needs in the context of one's overall individual portfolio of goods. The causal relationship of the "old" theory in the form of "need is satisfied by good" is modified in terms of "sum of needs is satisfied by portfolio of goods (sum of goods)". This is a small modification, which, however, brings several important elements to the description of economic phenomena over time. The old theoretical approach did not enable us to operate over time because of different value context of goods which is changing over time. However, the portfolio of goods is, in fact, a formally-logical homogeneous construction of the mind, which is applicable over time. The second characteristic is the anchoring of this modification of the theory of subjective value in evolutionary (intersubjective) apriorism. The book will be of interest to any Austrian and Mainstream Economists who deal with problems of description of economic phenomena in time. Also, for those involved in topics such as estimating of future, why entrepreneurs are successful or the problem of social ordering or equilibration and those who are interested in the new evolutionary approach to the emergence of criteria for rational decision-making.
Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management
'Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management' begins by outlining a portfolio management framework into which macroeconometric models and backtesting investment strategies are integrated. It is followed by a discussion on the theoretical backgrounds of both small and global large macroeconometric models, including data selection, estimation, and applications. Other practical concerns essential to managing a portfolio with decisions driven by macro models are also covered: model validation, forecast combination, and evaluation. The author then focuses on applying these models and their results on managing the portfolio, including making trading rules and asset allocation across different assets and risk management. The book finishes by showing portfolio examples where different investment strategies are used and illustrate how the framework can be applied from the beginning of collecting data, model estimation, and generating forecasts to how to manage portfolios accordingly.This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practising professionals. Readers will attain a rigorous understanding of the theory and how to apply these models to their portfolios. Therefore, 'Macroeconometric Models for Portfolio Management' will be of interest to academics and scholars working in macroeconomics and finance; to industry professionals working in financial economics and asset management; to asset managers and investors who prefer systematic investing over discretionary investing; and to investors who have a strong interest in macroeconomic influences on their portfolio.
Business History in Spain (19th and 20th Centuries)
The figure of the entrepreneur has become a relevant factor that explains the process of growth and economic development. This book brings together the research carried out by its authors with primary sources and makes it accessible to a wide audience that does not speak Spanish or does not know the topics discussed in it.
Resource Regimes
Resource Regimes: Natural Resources and Social Institutions by Oran R. Young explores how societies govern the use of scarce natural resources and the pivotal role of social institutions in shaping those decisions. Young begins by clarifying what counts as a natural resource: goods whose supply is constrained by nature and produced largely without human intervention, such as coal deposits, oil pools, or pristine forests. He emphasizes, however, that the line between "natural" and "man-made" resources is often blurred, with cases like reforested lands, aquaculture, or pollution control programs complicating the definition. He also underscores that some resources, like scenic landscapes or clean air, derive value precisely from being left untouched, highlighting the limits of purely utilitarian assessments. The book also examines principles of valuation, arguing that reliance on market prices is insufficient because of externalities, absent markets, and the intrinsic qualities of natural resources. Young considers utilitarian and intrinsic forms of value, as well as intergenerational concerns, stressing that current use often determines what remains for the future. Conflicts are inevitable--between present and future generations, between human welfare and nonhuman life, and between different types of use, such as logging versus recreation or oil drilling versus fisheries. At the heart of Young's thesis is the claim that institutions--markets, governments, legal systems, and cultural norms--establish which resources are valued, how they are measured, and how competing claims are reconciled. By examining these institutional regimes, the book highlights the broader philosophical and political challenges in balancing human needs, ecological integrity, and long-term sustainability. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.
Value Capitalism - Wertekapitalismus
A brief overview of the basic principles of value capitalism in different languages. Ein kurzer ?berblick 羹ber die Grundprinzipien des Wertekapitalismus in verschiedenen Sprachen. Un bref aper癟u des principes de base du capitalisme de valeur dans diff矇rentes langues. Un breve resumen de los principios b獺sicos del capitalismo de valores en diferentes idiomas. Uma breve vis瓊o geral dos princ穩pios b獺sicos do capitalismo de valor em diferentes l穩nguas. Una breve panoramica dei principi di base del capitalismo dei valori in diverse lingue. - English - Deutsch - Fran癟ais - Espa簽ol - Portugu礙s - Italiano
Sociophysics Approach to Epidemics
This book presents the fundamentals of evolutionary game theory and applies them to the analysis of epidemics, which is of paramount importance in the aftermath of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this monograph is to deliver a powerful tool to model and analyze the spread of an infectious disease during a pandemic as well as the human decision dynamics. The book employs a variant of the "vaccination game," in which a mathematical epidemiological model dovetails with evolutionary game theory. From a social physics standpoint, this book introduces an extended concept of the vaccination game starting from the fundamental issues and touching on the newest practical applications.The book first outlines the fundamental basis of evolutionary game theory, in which a two-player and two-strategy game, the so-called 2 ? 2 game, and a multi-player game are concisely introduced, and the important issue of how social dilemmas are quantified is highlighted.Subsequently, the book discusses various recent applications of the extended concept of the vaccination game so as to quantitatively evaluate provisions other than vaccination, including practical intermediate protective measures such as mask-wearing, efficiency of quarantine compared with that of isolation policies for suppressing epidemics, efficiency of preemptive versus late vaccination, and optimal subsidy policies for vaccination.
Fighting Financial Crises
If you've got money in the bank, chances are you've never seriously worried about not being able to withdraw it. But there was a time in the United States, an era that ended just over a hundred years ago, when bank customers had to pay close attention to the solvency of the banking system, knowing they might have to rush to retrieve their savings before the bank collapsed. During the National Banking Era (1863-1913), before the establishment of the Federal Reserve, widespread banking panics were indeed rather common. Yet these pre-Fed banking panics, as Gary B. Gorton and Ellis W. Tallman show, bear striking similarities to our recent financial crisis. Fighting Financial Crises thus turns to the past to better understand our uncertain present, investigating how panics during the National Banking Era played out and how they were eventually quelled and prevented. The authors then consider the Fed's and the SEC's reactions to the recent crisis, building an informative new perspective on how the modern economy works.
China and Asean: Pivoting Trade and Shock Transmission
Chapter 1. China in ASEAN.- Chapter 2. Interdependent Trade Relationship.- Chapter 3. Trade Shocks and Resiliency.- Chapter 4. Vulnerability of the Food Sector.- Chapter 5. Conclusion
Secular Stagnation Theories
Part I Secular Stagnation Theories: Past and Present.- Part II Income Distribution and Secular Stagnation.
AstronEfficiencyOnomy
Astronomy-rules for a better GlobalOnomy: economy & currency, knowledge & wisdom, peace & liberty, health & wealth as well as welfare & sustainability - world-wide! Extrapolating the invented formulas of TIME and SPACE lead to extreme EFFICIENCY aspects. And correlating SPACE and TIME leads to a new astronomy-formula: "Universal Dynamic Relativity Theory". With these formulas now "dark energy" (72% of up-to-date un-known energy-forces: Why does universe grow so fast?) is disclosed and our"dark matter" -approach (explaining 23% of un-known forces: Why do planets not orbit faster?) is verified. Whereas Albert Einstein`s formulas explain the "now", we now explain as well the past and the future of universe. Whereas humanity focuses on matter, gravity, time and 3-D-aspects - astronomy focuses on energy, "growth", (energetic) SPACE and efficiency - leading to far mor sustainability. In this book many attempts are made, to transfer all astronomic inventions to improve earthly challenges.
Shamanomics
The global financial Crisis of 2008 demonstrated the comprehensive failure of Economics and of the theory of economic management which has dominated Economics for more than 50 years. It was, in particular, a disastrous failure for macroeconomists, those economists who deal with the big economic factors like growth, inflation and employment and who act as policy advisors to governments. This book explains the reasons for this failure. The strong growth and soaring financial markets of the 1980s and '90s led to a complacent belief that economists had definitively solved the central task of economic management: delivering durable, non-inflationary growth (We Did It!). The reputation and influence of Economics and economists soared in parallel with the markets. As the 2008 Crisis proved, this confidence was badly mistaken. This book identifies the guilty parties, whose uncritical belief in the dominant theory led to the Crisis, and the few 'wise virgins' who foresaw it. It describes the significant fallacies in the dominant theory and notes the end result of the dominant economic method: elaborate, opaque and abstract mathematics with negligible real usefulness masquerading as expert foresight. The book queries the mistaken belief that Economics is a true science, comparing the negligible progress in Economics with the extraordinary advances in genuine scientific fields such as chemistry, physics and medicine and, in engineering, the development of flight, from Kitty Hawk to the Voyager mission. It notes the unfortunate effect of the Nobel Economics Prize in perpetuating this belief. The inherent indeterminacy of Economics means that, rather than scientists or engineers, economists should more accurately be regarded as novelists. The book reviews the post-Crisis literature, including the accounts of the guilty parties (We Didn't Do It!), conference reports and the commentaries of central bankers, other professional economists and journalists. Finally, the recent work of some social and political thinkers, with the insights of behavioral economics and randomized controlled trials, are welcome signs of a future where moral and social consequences resume their rightful place as the proper yardsticks for measuring how useful Economics and economists really are. With very few exceptions macroeconomists have proven little better than shamans - witch doctors - muttering their opaque ritual incantations and failing in their social function. Yet they continue to enjoy an attention and respect which is wholly undeserved. It is time for this dangerous delusion to stop. The book is written in plain language for the average reader. The book's website - www.shamanomics.info - provides more detailed information.This book was written before the Corona virus struck but its conclusions remain fully valid.
