What We Owe Each Other
From one of the leading policy experts of our time, an urgent rethinking of how we can better support each other to thrive Whether we realize it or not, all of us participate in the social contract every day through mutual obligations among our family, community, place of work, and fellow citizens. Caring for others, paying taxes, and benefiting from public services define the social contract that supports and binds us together as a society. Today, however, our social contract has been broken by changing gender roles, technology, new models of work, aging, and the perils of climate change. Minouche Shafik takes us through stages of life we all experience--raising children, getting educated, falling ill, working, growing old--and shows how a reordering of our societies is possible. Drawing on evidence and examples from around the world, she shows how every country can provide citizens with the basics to have a decent life and be able to contribute to society. But we owe each other more than this. A more generous and inclusive society would also share more risks collectively and ask everyone to contribute for as long as they can so that everyone can fulfill their potential. What We Owe Each Other identifies the key elements of a better social contract that recognizes our interdependencies, supports and invests more in each other, and expects more of individuals in return. Powerful, hopeful, and thought-provoking, What We Owe Each Other provides practical solutions to current challenges and demonstrates how we can build a better society--together.
Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis
Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis delves into the complexities of Brazil's socio-economic challenges during a turbulent period of its history, offering a critical perspective on the role and responsibility of intellectuals in times of national crisis. The author explores the betrayal of intellectual responsibility--through both action and inaction--by those capable of providing clarity and foresight amid political and social upheaval. With a sharp critique of the misuse of experimental science for political ends and the failure of social scientists to prevent detrimental public policies, the work underscores the unique responsibility of intellectuals to rise above societal constraints and champion rationality and human dignity. Compiled in the immediate aftermath of a near-declaration of emergency in Brazil in 1963, the essays in this volume attempt to dissect the roots of underdevelopment and the causes of Brazil's crisis. Through a blend of urgency and rigor, the author examines the role of group loyalties, cultural ties, and intellectual ethics in shaping national progress. With a focus on Brazil's specific struggles, Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis is both a call to action for intellectuals and a framework for understanding the broader implications of underdevelopment and societal responsibility. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1965.
Households
Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group examines the concept of households as a fundamental social and economic unit across cultures and time. The book challenges traditional assumptions, tracing the evolution of the household concept from its roots in anthropological and sociological theories to modern interdisciplinary studies. It emphasizes the dynamic nature of households, highlighting their role in adapting to economic, social, and demographic changes. The authors argue that households are not static or universally defined; instead, they vary in size, composition, and function depending on cultural norms, economic systems, and historical contexts. By incorporating detailed historical and ethnographic case studies, the book sheds light on how households mediate between individuals and broader societal structures, acting as both sites of cooperation and negotiation in the allocation of resources and responsibilities. Through its collection of essays, the book explores methodological and theoretical approaches to studying households, distinguishing between their morphological (structural), functional (activity-based), and symbolic (conceptual) dimensions. It advocates for a nuanced understanding of households that integrates empirical observation with cultural analysis, emphasizing the interplay between norms, behaviors, and economic factors. This approach reveals the fluidity of household boundaries, the variability of roles within them, and their significance as both practical and symbolic units in human societies. Households offers a comprehensive framework for analyzing one of the most fundamental yet complex social institutions, making it an essential resource for scholars in anthropology, history, sociology, and related fields. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984.
Panama at the Crossroads
In December 1989, the United States invaded Panama, deposed its government, and established another in its place. While this act of violent intervention brought Panama to public attention, the justifications for it obscured the underlying instabilities that have plagued the country throughout its history. Although a stated purpose of the invasion was to remove one man, Manuel Noriega, from power, Panama at the Crossroads demonstrates that the crisis sweeping Panama in the late 1980s was not caused by one man, but in fact derived from the history of U.S. domination and the nature of Panamanian society itself. Panama is located at a crucial geographic crossroads, a fact that has greatly influenced the country's history since the sixteenth century. Labor scarcity and inhospitable terrain, joined with its location, contributed to the mercantile orientation of Panama's economy. Accordingly, the country's politics and economics have been consistently dominated by foreign trading interests, first from Spain, then Colombia and the United States. Now in the 1990s, Panama stands at a historical and economic crossroads, and according to Zimbalist and Weeks its traditional entrep繫t institutions are no longer able to promote and sustain growth. Before building the basis for long-term economic expansion, Panama must first undo the devastating economic and political damage engendered by nearly three years of U.S. economic sanctions and the U.S. invasion. In this timely book, Zimbalist and Weeks document the origins and characteristics of this crossroads. Their analysis points the way to a more encompassing and equitable strategy for Panama's economic development. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
Australians and the Gold Rush
Australians and the Gold Rush: California and Down Under 1849-1854 vividly recounts the dramatic intersection of two worlds during the California Gold Rush. Beginning with the arrival of news about gold in Sydney in December 1848, the narrative introduces John Fairfax, editor of the Sydney Morning Herald, whose skepticism about "California fever" mirrors a broader societal ambivalence. The discovery of gold, initially treated with intrigue and doubt, quickly turned into a commercial opportunity for merchants like Robert Towns, who leveraged the rush to offload surplus goods to San Francisco. This richly detailed account captures the social and economic tensions of the time--ranging from class divides and labor unrest in Australia to the calculated opportunism of merchants and shipowners capitalizing on trans-Pacific trade. The book also highlights the cultural dynamics between Australians and Americans, with Fairfax embodying a British disdain for American democracy while grappling with the transformative potential of the gold rush. Amid the flurry of advertisements, speculations, and passenger arrangements, the departure of the first gold seekers marked the beginning of Australia's connection to California's historic gold fields. Drawing on the colorful characters, bustling Circular Wharf scenes, and the broader geopolitical context, Australians and the Gold Rush paints a compelling picture of the profound economic and social shifts spurred by the lure of California's gold. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
The Hudson’s Bay Company as an Imperial Factor, 1821-1869
The Hudson's Bay Company as an Imperial Factor: 1821-1869 explores the rise, consolidation, and eventual decline of the Hudson's Bay Company's fur trade monopoly in British North America. Beginning in 1821, with the company's amalgamation with the North West Company, and ending in 1869 with the sale of its proprietary rights in Rupert's Land to Canada, the book examines the company's transition from a dominant fur-trading enterprise to an organization unable to sustain its monopoly amidst increasing settlement pressures. The study delves into the company's strategies along trade frontiers, its adaptations to changing societal dynamics, and its ultimate acceptance of the inevitable shift from a fur-trade economy to settlement-driven development. The narrative also highlights the Hudson's Bay Company's complex role in the international relations of Great Britain, Russia, the United States, and Canada. It details the company's influence on diplomatic negotiations, acting at times as a key force or an obstacle to national agendas. By analyzing the company's policies and their broader implications, the book provides a detailed account of its significant yet challenging position as both an economic and political entity during a transformative period in North American history. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1957.
Debt, Trust, and Reputation
Starting in the late nineteenth century, colonial rule in India took an active interest in regulating financial markets beyond the bridgeheads of European capital in intercontinental trade. Regulatory efforts were part of a modernizing project seeking to produce alignments between British and Indian business procedures, and to create the financial basis for incipient industrialization in India. For vast sections of Indian society, however, they pushed credit/debt relations into the realm of extra-legality, while the new, regulated agents of finance remained incapable (and unwilling) of serving their needs. Combining historical and ethnographic approaches, the book questions underlying assumptions of modernization in finance that continue to prevail in postcolonial India, and delineates the socioeconomic responses they produced, and studies the reputational economies of debt that have emerged instead - extra-legal markets embedded into communication flows on trust and reputation that have turned out to be significantly more exploitative than their colonial predecessors.
Principles of Behavioral Economics
This book is unique among modern contributions to behavioral economics in presenting a grand synthesis between the kind of behavioral economics popularized by Richard Thaler, earlier approaches such as those of the 1978 Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon, evolutionary psychology, and evolutionary economics from Veblen and Marshall through to neo-Schumpeterian thinking. The synthesis employs a complex adaptive systems approach to how people think, the lifestyles they build, and how new production technologies and products are gradually adopted and produce changes. Using a huge range of examples, it takes behavioral economics from its recent focus on 'nudging' consumers, to the behavior of firms and other organizations, the challenges of achieving structural change and transitioning to environmentally sustainable lifestyles, and instability of the financial system. This book will be of great interest to academics and graduate students who seek a broader view of what behavioral economics is and what it might become.
The Great Upheaval
At the turn of the 21st Century, Asia pulled one billion people out of poverty in one generation, a meteoric rise suddenly stalled by the COVID-19 pandemic. This volume examines the strengths of the Asian-Pacific response to the pandemic and weaknesses that the region must re-engineer to rebound. It reimagines social and economic pathways to revamp production modes and networks to rekindle sustainable growth. Home to two-thirds of the world's population, the Asia-Pacific Region already accounts for close to half of all global output. By 2050 - after a detour of two centuries and a few pandemics - Asia-Pacific can again become a centrifugal economic and social force. This volume sets out options for policymakers to consider as we head into a new Asia-Pacific Century, one where economic strength will be necessary but insufficient by itself, as inclusion, resilience and sustainability - once seen as moral choices - become imperatives for the planet's future.
Jammu & Kashmir
The book presents a comprehensive treatment of unemployment and economic problems in Jammu & Kashmir. Kashmir, being a conflict-ridden zone, has far less opportunities for employment than rest of the other states. With an underdeveloped industrial sector and the inability of government to create enough jobs, there seems to be no immediate solution. Lack of avenues to engage the youth in meaningful ways result in making miscreants out of many of them. Young populations across the world are generally seen as drivers of socio-economic growth, but in Kashmir, the youth bulge is a problem. Unemployed youths destabilize the economy by being used to create mayhem by the anti-social elements in the region. Underdevelopment and unemployment in Jammu & Kashmir is the manifestation of a mismatch between physical and human resources. This exists when a large segment of the working age population does not possess the appropriate skills and knowledge to be gainfully employed. In addition, lackadaisical and imprudent policies pursued by subsequent governments are the major challenge. A radical shift in its policies, especially in the education sector, is an absolute prerequisite for the birth of a capable workforce. The remedy lies in revamping the education sector by crafting appropriate policies for suitable skills in line with the socio-economic requirements of the society. The book argues the government must think about a long-term plan for unemployed youth and devise a policy to channel the youth bulge constructively.
Regulatory Choices
Regulatory Choices offers the first comprehensive economic history of energy policy and its consequences for California, where some of the most innovative and far-ranging programs of regulatory reform have originated. The authors of this volume have gathered together an impressive wealth of material about actual policy decisions and their repercussions and have subjected their findings to astute economic analysis. This book will serve for years to come as an invaluable reference on the costs and effects of various energy policies. With its focus on bringing prices in alignment with the true cost of producing power and delivering it to the customer, the first part of the book outlines the issue of setting utility rates and considers some of the proposals to provide regulated industries with incentives to respond to economic and environmental concerns. The problems of energy supply occupy the second part of the book, which includes a survey of the costs of alternative energy sources and estimates of their environmental impacts, as well as a case study of the construction of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant. The book concludes by documenting the results of subsidy programs that were designed to target the development of wind power and residential energy conservation. Regulators, we learn, have a mixed record when it comes to managing the production of energy. Some conservation programs have enjoyed considerable economic success, particularly those that correct a lack of consumer information. Others, such as the renewable energy tax credits or programs designed to subsidize new technologies, have cost much more than the value of the energy they have saved. What emerges clearly from this study is that regulated industries are not immune from the forces of competition. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
The Rise of a Regional Institution in Africa
This book focuses on the ECOWAS Commission, both as an autonomous actor, as well as a policy-making nexus for its member states in Africa, and external actors.
Economics, Anthropology and the Origin of Money as a Bargaining Counter
This book argues that money originated as a bargaining counter in a system of money-bargaining, emerging almost seamlessly from barter-bargaining. This book will be of great interest to researchers in the history and origins of money, banking and economic theory more broadly.
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century offers a comprehensive examination of how political decisions have shaped the economic trajectory of Germany from World War I onward. Eschewing narrow historical or economic perspectives, the book positions politics as the dominant force influencing economic systems, emphasizing the instrumental nature of economics in serving political ends. This approach is particularly pertinent in Germany's case, where significant economic policies and outcomes were intricately linked to the nation's tumultuous political landscape. By addressing not just what occurred but also delving into the reasons behind economic events, this study provides a layered understanding of the successes, failures, and transformations in Germany's economy during a century marked by profound change. Tailored for a broad audience, including students and general readers with minimal prior knowledge of economics or history, the book strikes a balance between accessibility and rigor. It integrates statistical data with analysis, offering insights into key economic relationships while avoiding excessive technical jargon. Accompanied by a glossary and references for further exploration, the book is a valuable resource for understanding the intersections of political power and economic strategy in shaping modern Germany. This American edition builds on the German original, refined with collaborative input, making it an essential text for anyone exploring the dynamic interplay between politics and economics in one of Europe's most pivotal nations. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
Regulatory Choices
Regulatory Choices offers the first comprehensive economic history of energy policy and its consequences for California, where some of the most innovative and far-ranging programs of regulatory reform have originated. The authors of this volume have gathered together an impressive wealth of material about actual policy decisions and their repercussions and have subjected their findings to astute economic analysis. This book will serve for years to come as an invaluable reference on the costs and effects of various energy policies. With its focus on bringing prices in alignment with the true cost of producing power and delivering it to the customer, the first part of the book outlines the issue of setting utility rates and considers some of the proposals to provide regulated industries with incentives to respond to economic and environmental concerns. The problems of energy supply occupy the second part of the book, which includes a survey of the costs of alternative energy sources and estimates of their environmental impacts, as well as a case study of the construction of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant. The book concludes by documenting the results of subsidy programs that were designed to target the development of wind power and residential energy conservation. Regulators, we learn, have a mixed record when it comes to managing the production of energy. Some conservation programs have enjoyed considerable economic success, particularly those that correct a lack of consumer information. Others, such as the renewable energy tax credits or programs designed to subsidize new technologies, have cost much more than the value of the energy they have saved. What emerges clearly from this study is that regulated industries are not immune from the forces of competition. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
Norway's Sovereign Wealth Fund
This book elaborates on how Norway has managed to convert a large fraction of its endowment of hydrocarbons below the seabed of Norwegian waters into financial wealth, invested in the world's capital markets. Further, it explains how this wealth is managed. Under the current guidelines, only the assessed return on investment may be allotted to public budgets. This ensures that the wealth will benefit both current and future generations. The capital is gathered in the Sovereign Wealth Fund - or State Pension Fund Global (SPF-G) -, which is intended to maximize capital value without exceeding acceptable risks. The book offers new insights into the history and management of the fund, examines its successes, and discusses future challenges. Given its scope, it appeals to scholars of economics, finance and political science, and to anyone interested in the sustainable investment of natural resource-based revenues.
Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis
Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis delves into the complexities of Brazil's socio-economic challenges during a turbulent period of its history, offering a critical perspective on the role and responsibility of intellectuals in times of national crisis. The author explores the betrayal of intellectual responsibility--through both action and inaction--by those capable of providing clarity and foresight amid political and social upheaval. With a sharp critique of the misuse of experimental science for political ends and the failure of social scientists to prevent detrimental public policies, the work underscores the unique responsibility of intellectuals to rise above societal constraints and champion rationality and human dignity. Compiled in the immediate aftermath of a near-declaration of emergency in Brazil in 1963, the essays in this volume attempt to dissect the roots of underdevelopment and the causes of Brazil's crisis. Through a blend of urgency and rigor, the author examines the role of group loyalties, cultural ties, and intellectual ethics in shaping national progress. With a focus on Brazil's specific struggles, Diagnosis of the Brazilian Crisis is both a call to action for intellectuals and a framework for understanding the broader implications of underdevelopment and societal responsibility. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1965.
The Formation of the German Chemical Community 1720-1795
The Formation of the German Chemical Community (1720-1795) delves into the development of the chemical discipline in Germany during the 18th century, specifically focusing on the social and institutional conditions that led to the creation of a national community of chemists. The study examines how chemists in Germany began to perceive themselves as a cohesive professional group, united by shared goals and responsibilities, and how this solidarity influenced their reception of revolutionary scientific ideas, such as Lavoisier's theory. Through a thorough analysis of key figures, journals, and institutional histories, the book provides a nuanced understanding of the intellectual and social networks that fostered the rise of chemistry as a distinct scientific field in Germany. The book explores how the German chemical community was shaped not just by intellectual currents but also by external support from the Enlightenment, including financial and moral backing from state and academic institutions. It emphasizes how chemists, particularly those following the rational-utilitarian approach led by figures like G. E. Stahl, distanced themselves from alchemy and iatrochemistry, positioning chemistry as a rational science with wide-reaching practical applications. By tracing the formation of this community and its response to scientific revolutions, the author argues that the evolution of chemistry in Germany during the 18th century played a crucial role in the professionalization of the science in the 19th century. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.
Panama at the Crossroads
In December 1989, the United States invaded Panama, deposed its government, and established another in its place. While this act of violent intervention brought Panama to public attention, the justifications for it obscured the underlying instabilities that have plagued the country throughout its history. Although a stated purpose of the invasion was to remove one man, Manuel Noriega, from power, Panama at the Crossroads demonstrates that the crisis sweeping Panama in the late 1980s was not caused by one man, but in fact derived from the history of U.S. domination and the nature of Panamanian society itself. Panama is located at a crucial geographic crossroads, a fact that has greatly influenced the country's history since the sixteenth century. Labor scarcity and inhospitable terrain, joined with its location, contributed to the mercantile orientation of Panama's economy. Accordingly, the country's politics and economics have been consistently dominated by foreign trading interests, first from Spain, then Colombia and the United States. Now in the 1990s, Panama stands at a historical and economic crossroads, and according to Zimbalist and Weeks its traditional entrep繫t institutions are no longer able to promote and sustain growth. Before building the basis for long-term economic expansion, Panama must first undo the devastating economic and political damage engendered by nearly three years of U.S. economic sanctions and the U.S. invasion. In this timely book, Zimbalist and Weeks document the origins and characteristics of this crossroads. Their analysis points the way to a more encompassing and equitable strategy for Panama's economic development. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1991.
Principles of Behavioral Economics
This book is unique among modern contributions to behavioral economics in presenting a grand synthesis between the kind of behavioral economics popularized by Richard Thaler, earlier approaches such as those of the 1978 Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon, evolutionary psychology, and evolutionary economics from Veblen and Marshall through to neo-Schumpeterian thinking. The synthesis employs a complex adaptive systems approach to how people think, the lifestyles they build, and how new production technologies and products are gradually adopted and produce changes. Using a huge range of examples, it takes behavioral economics from its recent focus on 'nudging' consumers, to the behavior of firms and other organizations, the challenges of achieving structural change and transitioning to environmentally sustainable lifestyles, and instability of the financial system. This book will be of great interest to academics and graduate students who seek a broader view of what behavioral economics is and what it might become.
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century
The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century offers a comprehensive examination of how political decisions have shaped the economic trajectory of Germany from World War I onward. Eschewing narrow historical or economic perspectives, the book positions politics as the dominant force influencing economic systems, emphasizing the instrumental nature of economics in serving political ends. This approach is particularly pertinent in Germany's case, where significant economic policies and outcomes were intricately linked to the nation's tumultuous political landscape. By addressing not just what occurred but also delving into the reasons behind economic events, this study provides a layered understanding of the successes, failures, and transformations in Germany's economy during a century marked by profound change. Tailored for a broad audience, including students and general readers with minimal prior knowledge of economics or history, the book strikes a balance between accessibility and rigor. It integrates statistical data with analysis, offering insights into key economic relationships while avoiding excessive technical jargon. Accompanied by a glossary and references for further exploration, the book is a valuable resource for understanding the intersections of political power and economic strategy in shaping modern Germany. This American edition builds on the German original, refined with collaborative input, making it an essential text for anyone exploring the dynamic interplay between politics and economics in one of Europe's most pivotal nations. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.
Households
Households: Comparative and Historical Studies of the Domestic Group examines the concept of households as a fundamental social and economic unit across cultures and time. The book challenges traditional assumptions, tracing the evolution of the household concept from its roots in anthropological and sociological theories to modern interdisciplinary studies. It emphasizes the dynamic nature of households, highlighting their role in adapting to economic, social, and demographic changes. The authors argue that households are not static or universally defined; instead, they vary in size, composition, and function depending on cultural norms, economic systems, and historical contexts. By incorporating detailed historical and ethnographic case studies, the book sheds light on how households mediate between individuals and broader societal structures, acting as both sites of cooperation and negotiation in the allocation of resources and responsibilities. Through its collection of essays, the book explores methodological and theoretical approaches to studying households, distinguishing between their morphological (structural), functional (activity-based), and symbolic (conceptual) dimensions. It advocates for a nuanced understanding of households that integrates empirical observation with cultural analysis, emphasizing the interplay between norms, behaviors, and economic factors. This approach reveals the fluidity of household boundaries, the variability of roles within them, and their significance as both practical and symbolic units in human societies. Households offers a comprehensive framework for analyzing one of the most fundamental yet complex social institutions, making it an essential resource for scholars in anthropology, history, sociology, and related fields. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1984.
Australians and the Gold Rush
Australians and the Gold Rush: California and Down Under 1849-1854 vividly recounts the dramatic intersection of two worlds during the California Gold Rush. Beginning with the arrival of news about gold in Sydney in December 1848, the narrative introduces John Fairfax, editor of the Sydney Morning Herald, whose skepticism about "California fever" mirrors a broader societal ambivalence. The discovery of gold, initially treated with intrigue and doubt, quickly turned into a commercial opportunity for merchants like Robert Towns, who leveraged the rush to offload surplus goods to San Francisco. This richly detailed account captures the social and economic tensions of the time--ranging from class divides and labor unrest in Australia to the calculated opportunism of merchants and shipowners capitalizing on trans-Pacific trade. The book also highlights the cultural dynamics between Australians and Americans, with Fairfax embodying a British disdain for American democracy while grappling with the transformative potential of the gold rush. Amid the flurry of advertisements, speculations, and passenger arrangements, the departure of the first gold seekers marked the beginning of Australia's connection to California's historic gold fields. Drawing on the colorful characters, bustling Circular Wharf scenes, and the broader geopolitical context, Australians and the Gold Rush paints a compelling picture of the profound economic and social shifts spurred by the lure of California's gold. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
The Formation of the German Chemical Community 1720-1795
The Formation of the German Chemical Community (1720-1795) delves into the development of the chemical discipline in Germany during the 18th century, specifically focusing on the social and institutional conditions that led to the creation of a national community of chemists. The study examines how chemists in Germany began to perceive themselves as a cohesive professional group, united by shared goals and responsibilities, and how this solidarity influenced their reception of revolutionary scientific ideas, such as Lavoisier's theory. Through a thorough analysis of key figures, journals, and institutional histories, the book provides a nuanced understanding of the intellectual and social networks that fostered the rise of chemistry as a distinct scientific field in Germany. The book explores how the German chemical community was shaped not just by intellectual currents but also by external support from the Enlightenment, including financial and moral backing from state and academic institutions. It emphasizes how chemists, particularly those following the rational-utilitarian approach led by figures like G. E. Stahl, distanced themselves from alchemy and iatrochemistry, positioning chemistry as a rational science with wide-reaching practical applications. By tracing the formation of this community and its response to scientific revolutions, the author argues that the evolution of chemistry in Germany during the 18th century played a crucial role in the professionalization of the science in the 19th century. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1982.
The Hudson’s Bay Company as an Imperial Factor, 1821-1869
The Hudson's Bay Company as an Imperial Factor: 1821-1869 explores the rise, consolidation, and eventual decline of the Hudson's Bay Company's fur trade monopoly in British North America. Beginning in 1821, with the company's amalgamation with the North West Company, and ending in 1869 with the sale of its proprietary rights in Rupert's Land to Canada, the book examines the company's transition from a dominant fur-trading enterprise to an organization unable to sustain its monopoly amidst increasing settlement pressures. The study delves into the company's strategies along trade frontiers, its adaptations to changing societal dynamics, and its ultimate acceptance of the inevitable shift from a fur-trade economy to settlement-driven development. The narrative also highlights the Hudson's Bay Company's complex role in the international relations of Great Britain, Russia, the United States, and Canada. It details the company's influence on diplomatic negotiations, acting at times as a key force or an obstacle to national agendas. By analyzing the company's policies and their broader implications, the book provides a detailed account of its significant yet challenging position as both an economic and political entity during a transformative period in North American history. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1957.
China's Economic Development
Cai Fang is one of China's most distinguished economists. This book elucidates the worldwide significance of China's economic development over the past 70 years from the perspectives of economic history and growth theory.
A Herstory of Economics
There were only a few women economists who made it to the surface and whose voices were heard in the history of economic thought of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Maynard Keynes, and Milton Friedman - right? Wrong! In this book, distinguished economist Edith Kuiper shows us that the history of economic thought is just that, a his-story, by telling the herstory of economic thought from the perspective of women economic writers and economists. Although some of these women were well known in their time, they were excluded from most of academic economics, and, over the past centuries, their work has been neglected, forgotten, and thus become invisible. Edith Kuiper introduces the reader to an amazing crowd of female pioneers and reveals how their insights are invaluable to understanding areas of economics ranging from production, work, and the economics of the household, to income and wealth distribution, consumption, public policy, and much more. This pathbreaking book presents a whole new perspective on the development of economic thought. It will be essential reading for all students and scholars of the history of economic thought and feminist economics.
Economic Inequality and Poverty
Issues of economic inequality and poverty have become increasingly central to public debate over the past fifty years. The literature on measuring economic inequality and poverty has vastly expanded, developing many new methods but also generating many controversies. Economic Inequality and Poverty provides a systematic treatment of the development of inequality and poverty, focusing on how income inequality and poverty measurements have evolved in recent decades and identifying approaches to resolving some of the methodological and factual conflicts. The book璽s primary aim is to analyse the relationships between individuals and households璽 distributions of economic variables. These relationships are crucial in understanding many economic phenomena. Kakwani and Son employ household surveys to illustrate the application of their framework, demonstrating its importance in drawing evidence-based policy conclusions.
International Equilibrium and Bretton Woods
International Equilibrium and Bretton Woods brings together the papers presented at a special conference of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Bretton Woods Conference. The papers, from a number of distinguished speakers, assess the background and the results of the Bretton Woods agreements. The discussion is focused around the critical assessment of the Keynes and White Plans by Michal Kalecki, and the consequences of this for present-day international economics and international monetary and financial policy. But this volume is unique in bringing together the critical assessments that were made at the time, by Kalecki, Fritz Schumacher, Thomas Balogh, and Raul Prebisch, that are virtually unknown today, together with critical assessments of the work of the Bretton Woods Institutions since that time.
Rise of the North East
This book gives a detailed assessment of the scope for strengthening economic capacities across sectors, ensuring economic prosperity through connectivity, and discusses the resource gaps. It comprehensively captures the wide range of economic possibilities existing in the north eastern region of India in terms of sectors, local resources, and expertise. Further, the book identifies gaps in supply chains and host of other factors around limited economic capacities and continued connectivity deficiencies that hold the region back. Key indicators like poverty and social sectors like health and education are presented in detail to cover the context in terms of the development parameters aligned with the SDGs. The wide variation in state-specific contexts has been captured based on full utilization of available data and information. In this book India's north-east comprising of eight states have been looked at from the perspectives of India's Act East policy, development cooperation with the neighbouring countries, promotion of trade including border trade, connectivity and economic corridors, infrastructure, and industrialization. In this direction, it makes several recommendations on drivers of economic growth and enablers of social sector development.
Capitalisms and Democracies
This book examines steadily-growing increases in inequality within Western capitalist democracies, examining with care the differences between these democracies rooted in their culture and institutions.　
China's Aid, Trade and Investment to Africa
Adopting perspectives from development economics and international relations, this book researches the ongoing cooperation between China and African countries and the interactive system of China's aid, trade and investment to and with Africa.
Unlocking Private Investment in Sustainable Infrastructure in Asia
The book aims to assess the impacts and future of sustainable infrastructure investments and examines the role of governments in mobilizing financial resources and new models for unlocking private investment in sustainable infrastructure.
Public Expenditure in India
Government is a major player in the development of an economy. Government's public financial operations involving mobilization of revenue, and its spending has considerable implications on the growth, distribution and stability necessitating a careful study to enable informed mid course policycorrections to the macroeconomic developments. A critical review of public expenditure is imperative in ensuring optimal use of public resources for the maximization of welfare. The book provides an empirical understanding of historical trends and composition of public expenditure at the central and the sub national levels; the effectiveness of public expenditure control systems and accountability issues; the political economy of spending decisions; public expenditurereforms undertaken in India and international best options that can guide the corrective process in India. Given the global shift in focus from 'outlays' to 'outcomes' it is important to put in place a sound framework to track the results of government expenditure programs to guide the informedexpenditure decision making process. The book documents the features of useful frameworks and steps involved in adopting a robust results framework. Fiscal management of Covid-19 is an important component of the book. The purpose of this volume is to reach out a comprehensive and updated understanding of empirical issues in publicexpenditure and its management in India to the students of Public Finance.
State Capability in India
The deficiencies in the capability of the state to design and implement effective policies are arguably the biggest development challenge facing developing countries like India. This book seeks to assess state capability in India, identify weaknesses in policy design and programme implementation, and their causes, and propose some measures to remedy them. Importantly, it does so while recognizing political economy constraints and focusing predominantly on the administrative contributors. To this extent, the book's suggestions are practical enough for adoption by stakeholders at different levels. It describes the institutional design, constitutional provisions, the organizational structure, and the personnel of the Indian state. It covers a wide spectrum of aspects impacting state capability, ranging from ideological narratives and systemic constraints to procedural and personnel management issues to the behaviours and attitudes of individual bureaucrats. It offers a new analytical framework to think about effectiveness of state on the policy-making process. It also offers a nuanced perspective and suggestions on many of the popular themes in public administration - size of the state, generalist and specialist debates, lateral entry, digital monitoring systems in governance, outsourcing and private participation, use of consultants, risk aversion in bureaucracies, performance-based incentives, programme evaluations, and so on. Finally, being participants and observers in the bureaucratic system, the authors describe reality without always seeking to locate it in the framework of existing academic literature, thereby offering fresh insights and enriching the discourse on state capability.
Growth Mechanisms and Sustainability
This book provides a broad investigation of various issues in East Asia's steel industry since the 1980s, including international specialization and trade relations, the sustainable use of resources, technological innovations, and environmental mitigation, alongside a consideration of the rapid growth in Chinese steel industry. Using macro and firm-level data, and case studies based on field research to discuss issues concerning the steel industry in East Asia. In search of an easy understanding, we try to simplify complicated economic models and statistical analyses, and concentrate on policy implications based as much as possible on the results of empirical analyses. We believe that this book will be of interest to policymakers, economists, practitioners and advocates of sustainability.
Building Trust in the International Monetary System
Introduction - The Main Features of the International Money's Evolution.- Money and the International Monetary System: Origins and Evolution.- The Classic Gold Standard.- The Gold-Exchange Standard, its Collapse, and the Interwar Lack of an International Money.- The Bretton Woods System.- The Dollar Standard.- Critical Issues in the Current International Monetary System and Future Prospects.- Conclusions.
Growth, Jobs and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) should not be defined by the structural parameters and opportunities of low-income countries, given that it also comprises a number of higher-income countries. This book finds that SSA is tightly constrained in its growth, employment and poverty outcomes. Rather than taking this as a conceptual downside, these constraints to growth and development have to be recognised and overcome--not just by a few countries able to escape them more easily, but by all countries in SSA, such that no country is left behind. The book observes a weakness in the quantum of growth in SSA. It relates this to a growth path based more on extractives than manufactured goods. While SSA is endowed with extractives, global demand for these is very volatile. These boom-bust cycles in export demand come to affect not just the export sector in SSA as a resource curse, but also the production of output of the entire economy. The book captures this through the working out of equilibrium in four major markets: the tradeables market, the domestic goods market, the labour market, and the money market.
How to Nurture Truth and Authenticity
In the 1920s, Martin Heidegger attempted a novel definition of truth. This was required in order to firmly delineate the sense of being. Taking the Ancient Greek αληθεια as his directive, he collapsed the subjective/objective dichotomy and surmounted the understanding of truth as an assertion in agreement with reality. Heidegger came to an understanding of truth that was more robust than what was assumed by the scientific industries. He identified the nature of truth as disclosive. This understanding proved to have immense explanatory power over the positivist understanding of the nature of truth as fact. Unfortunately, this understanding was never allowed to blossom; still, to this day, we suffer from the state of affairs in which our political mechanisms are grounded upon narrow conceptions of the nature of truth as fact.Consider the political economy in which truth is in service to today. To be sure, the failing institutions of democracy (post-truth), social justice activism, and the prevalence of conspiracy theory are all evidence that the mechanisms of technocratic governance are unable to satisfy the ideal of democracy. Therefore, only now, nearly fifty years after Heidegger's death, does the story of truth as fact end. At this pivot, the truth will either die as a fact or it will find a new purpose in future political and interpersonal commerce.If we add to the nature of truth something perhaps quite novel-namely, that it is projective-and if we allow ourselves submission to the overwhelming explanatory power of this twofold definition, then we are presented with the vision of governance as projection-governance in which truth may be allowed to fulfill its nature as both disclosive and projective in that emergent paradigm that has been prophesized in metamodern discourse.In How to Nurture Truth and Authenticity, a platform for governance as projection is proposed. It is only possible when standing firmly in a novel thinking space called First Economics Philosophy. The book also contains interactive features.
Industry Dynamics and Industry 4.0
This book represents a collaboration of leading international experts on the study of innovation management, grouping experiences from various countries within an empirical context while using a consistent methodology and analytical framework.
The Keynesian multiplier effect in a monetary union. Standpoints and outlooks
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1,3, University of Frankfurt (Main), course: Wirtschaftswissenschaften, language: English, abstract: This thesis aims at giving a broad outlook on fiscal discussions and standpoints concerning crises which might occur and ultimately aims at answering the following question: How can financial authorities shape public spending and what are the steps necessary? - Lessons learned from the global financial crisis of 2008. The Keynesian multiplier process is a concept which was first introduced by Richard Kahn and later on carried further by John Maynard Keynes. This concept was rather simple and very intuitive; if a government increases its spending, the resulting output will increase as well. This became especially relevant in times of crises, when governments were aiming at raising their output. The analysis of how government spending would affect output became omnipresent and there are different standpoints in the literature concerning this, most of them focusing on different aspects, such as the timing of news, spillover effects to other countries, the general environment of the economies and also different model approaches to estimate said multiplier as good as possible and to include as many different determinants as possible.
Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2019)
Chapter 1. International Environmental Change in the Indian Ocean Region and China's Stragetic Choices.- Chapter 2. Stragetic Thinking on China's Response to the US New Indo-Pacific Concept.- Chapter 3. Indian Ocean Security Environmental Assessment.- Chapter 4. India's Approach to Security Challenge in the Indian Ocean Region.- Chapter 5. International Institutions in Indian Ocean Region and Its Influence on Belt and Road Initiative.- Chapter 6. Regional Economic Integration and Economic Cooperation Mechanism in the Indian Ocean Region.- Chapter 7. Sustainability Assessment of Economic and Trade Development in Indian Ocean Island States.- Chapter 8. International Security Environment Assessment of China Myanmar Economic Corridor under the Policy Adjustment of indo-Pacific Stragetic Countries.- Chapter 9. The Geo-environment and Geo-risks in the Indian Ocean Region.- Chapter 10. The New Development of Australia's Indian Ocean Strategy.
Handbook of the Economics of the Family
Handbook of the Economics of the Family, Volume One includes comprehensive surveys of the current state of the economics literaure in the field, prepared by leading scholars, with a particular empahsis on the most recent developments in each area. Chapters cover Culture and the family; Mating markets; Household decisions and intra-household distributions; The economics of fertility: a new era; Families, labor markets, and policy; Family background, neighborhoods, and intergenerational mobility; The great transition: Kuznets facts for family-economists; An institutional perspective on the economics of the family.
How Trade with China Threatens Western Institutions
This book evaluates the institutional environments of China and the United States, and the West more broadly, and how they affect their trading relationship, with specific emphasis on intellectual property theft and other allegations of unfair competition. The economic and political characteristics of the two countries affect the balance of power in their trading relationship, with ramifications far beyond jobs and output. The major theme is China's ability to free ride on Western institutions through intellectual property theft and extortion. This free riding is far more than just infringing patents and reaping profits; it creates a combination of incentives for political pressures in the West that diminish the free market and liberal Western values. The result is the classic result of free riding - underprovision, or degeneration, of the Western institutions that made the West prosperous and free. At the same time, China's economic might, military prowess, and global soft power increase, often with deleterious effects for freedom and free markets. This book is distinctive because it integrates public choice ideas about economic institutions, state action, and strategic behavior into international trade. It also takes account of the economic characteristics of China and the West and explains why they present a situation that is fundamentally different from other trade disputes. Institutions and political influence are central to this book's analysis of trade, which can be more dangerous and more disguised than the welfare gains from trade. Providing a concise and lucid distillation of pressing issues, this book is critical reading for scholars studying trade with China and its effects on both global and Western innovation, economic output, soft power, and freedom more broadly.
From Centralised to Decentralising Global Economic Architecture
This book focuses on the recent rise of new regional economic institutions such as the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralisation, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which were established, in part, as a result of dissatisfaction of dynamic emerging markets with global economic institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank, and the GATT/WTO. The latter were formed by advanced economies in the West, after the historic Bretton Wood Conference of 1944. In doing so, the book addresses how this recent round of decentralisation, defined as the co-existence of "senior" global institutions and a plethora of newly-established regional institutions, has affected global economic governance, and the delivery of global public goods. It also poses the question if this has led to the fragmentation of global economic governance. The book adds value to existing literature by using a benefit-risk analytical framework to study the decentralisation process. Unlike the "contested multilateralism" argument used by some authors which focuses on the costs of decentralisation, the authors argue that benefits must also be considered. It also describes and analyses the establishment of global and regional international economic institutions and the evolving relationships between the two. Third, the authors argue that this decentralisation process will continue in the postpandemic period and recommend policies to reset the relationship between global and regional institutions. And lastly, the book discusses proposals to reform the international monetary system including the global reserve system with a view to reducing the hegemony of the US dollar.Throughout the book, the role for Asia is also identified, and elaborated on.
China's New Development Strategies
This book examines China's new development policies, which seek to reposition China from export platform for a diverse array of low-cost consumer goods to technological leader in sectors linked to advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, electric vehicles, e-commerce, and new internet-related production networks oriented to China's large domestic market. Focusing on the post-2010 period, the book shows how China's central government programs and reforms ("upgrading from above") are coupled with a wide variety of local government policies, firm strategies, and domestic economy shifts ("upgrading from below") that link China's top-down programs into industrial growth on the ground. Placing China's current development push within a global value chain (GVC) context shows how Chinese development strategies and the global economy remain intertwined. This volume brings together international GVC experts and China-based researchers who have carried out detailed fieldwork and industry specific quantitative analyses of GVCs and development with important implications for policymakers in both developed and developing economies.
International Business in Australia Before World War One
This book challenges conventional wisdom by revealing an extensive and heterogeneous community of foreign businesses in Australia before 1914. Multinational enterprise arrived predominantly from Britain, but other sender nations included the USA, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Japan. Their firms spread out across Australia from mining and pastoral communities, to portside industries and CBD precincts, and they operated broadly across mining, trading, shipping, insurance, finance, and manufacturing. They were a remarkably diverse population of firms by size, organisational form, and longevity.This is a rare study of the impact of multinationals on a host nation, particularly before World War One, and that focuses on a successful resource-based economy. Deploying a database of more than 600 firms, supported by contemporary archives and publications, the work reveals how multinational influence was contested by domestic enterprise, other foreign firms, and the strategic investments of governments in network industries. Nonetheless, foreign agency - particularly investment, knowledge and entrepreneurship - mattered in the economic development of Australia in the nineteenth as well as the twentieth centuries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in Australian and international economic and business history, the history of economic growth and scholars of international business.
Social Choice Theory
Introduction.- Elementary Logic.- Sets, Relations, Functions.- Binary Relations.- Social Choice Theoretic Framework and Arrow Impossibility Theorem.- Some Important Value-Judgments, Rules and Theorems.- Implications of Weakening of Some of Arrow Conditions.- The Method of Majority Decision: Conditions for Transitivity and Quasi-Transitivity.- Strategic Aspects.- Summary and Concluding Remarks.
