Outline of Sanity
G. K. Chesterton's famous thesis explores the subjects of poverty, agriculture, machinery, capital gain, and concentration of wealth from an anti-capitalist viewpoint. This fascinating volume argues the threat to smaller businesses as corporate companies become more dominant. Fiercely relevant almost 100 years after its first publication, The Outline of Sanity is G. K. Chesterton's insightful exploration of humanity's future. He criticises both the scientific management theory and Marxist Trotskyism, questioning the longevity of democracy. First published in 1926. The contents of this volume features: - Some General Ideas - The Beginning of the Quarrel - The Peril of the Hour - The Chance of Recovery - Some Aspects of Big Business - The Bluff of the Big Shops - A Misunderstanding about Method - A Case in Point - The Tyranny of Trusts - Some Aspects of the Land
Economic Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is vastly diverse, and the 49 countries of the region range significantly in terms of population, size and economic scale. The region also differs in topography, climate, history, culture, languages and political systems. Given this vast diversity, it is, accordingly, difficult to draw general conclusions about the continent's economic performance as a whole. Additionally, the lack of current statistics for several countries makes it difficult to make accurate assessments of economic conditions. Nevertheless, some broad comparisons can be made: of the world's developing areas, sub-Saharan Africa has the worst record in virtually all of the most important social and economic indicators: the region has the lowest gross national income per head, the lowest life expectancy at birth, the lowest youth literacy rate, the highest rate of adult HIV infection and the highest number of children not living past five years of age. This volume begins by examining recent economic developments and trends. It then looks at the major economic constraints the region has faced in recent years, breaking down those constraints as either 'external' (e.g. terms of trade) over which the individual countries have but limited control, or 'internal' (e.g. governance and economic policy), over which there is more control. The book concludes by arguing that, despite the notable challenges cited above, sub-Saharan Africa is poised for a transformation, based on closer regional economic co-operation, a growing middle class, increased demand for locally produced goods and services, and a young population.
Why Neo-Liberalism Failed in France
This book fills a gap in the literature on economic liberalism in France as it strives to resolve a paradox. How do we reconcile the fact that while France has been among the most fertile of soils for the liberal intellectual tradition, the theoretical ideas it has produced has little impact on its own public debate and public policies? Using a wide range of data on public policies, it demonstrates that neo-liberal thought has had far less influence in France than in other European nations during the period from 1974 to 2012. The failure of neo-liberalism to propagate in public policies France is shown to be mainly due to the strong resistance of public opinion towards it. In addition, the structure of French institutions has reinforced the effect of "path dependence" in the making of public policy by valuing state expertise above that of actors likely to question the post-war consensus, such as academics and think tanks. Finally, the book identifies other more incidental factors which contributed to neo-liberalism marginality: the fragmentation and radicalism of neo-liberal advocates, as well as the absence of charismatic political actors to effectively embody these ideas. This book is a useful educational tool for students of economics, sociology, political science, and of French political history. This book is also of interest for journalists, think tank researchers and professionals of politics and administration.
Special Economic Zones
This book provides a guide to the challenges of special economic zones. Focusing on Africa, while also discussing China, Taiwan, Dominican Republic, Malaysia, and South Korea, the impact on economic development of special economic zones is analysed to highlight the successes and failures of these zones. New emerging issues, such as the sustainable development goals and the fourth industrial revolution, are presented as factors that need to be addressed in order for special economic zones to be productive in Africa. The role of foreign direct investments, job creation, industrialization, and regulation is also discussed.Special Economic Zones: Economic Development in Africa aims to set out an empirical framework on how to create effective special economic zones. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in African and development economics.
The Austro-Libertarian Point of View
This book covers several areas of economic theory and political philosophy from the perspective of Austrian Economics and libertarianism. As such, it deals with Epistemology and Methodology, Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Labor Economics, International Economics, Political Philosophy, Law and Public Policy, all from the Austro-libertarian perspective.Hence, this book offers an integrated view of libertarianism and Austrian economics in the light of recent debates in the areas of economic science and political philosophy. Moreover, it builds from the foundations of the Austrian approach (epistemology and methodology), while the latter material deals with its application to the individual from the microeconomic perspective, which in turn allows an exploration of subjects in macroeconomics. Additionally, this work applies Austro-libertarianism to law, politics, and public policy. Thus, it offers a unified view of the entire approach, in a logical progression, allowing thereaders to judge this perspective in full.Futerman and Block say that their book is not a manual, which I suppose it is not. But it is a collection of highly pertinent essays, from which you can understand what is mistaken in the orthodoxy of economics, law, and politics. The central term of art in Austrian economics is that phrase "human action." It is the exercise of human will, not the blind bumping of one molecule against another or one organism against another, as in the physical sciences...Futerman and Block distinguish Austrian economics as a scientific enterprise based on liberty of the will from "libertarianism" as an advocacy based on policies implied by such liberty. "Although Austrian economics is positive and libertarianism is normative," they write, "this book shows how both are related; how each can support the other." Indeed they do.Deirdre N. McCloskey, PhDUIC Distinguished Professor of Economics and ofHistory Emerita, Professor of English Emerita, Professor of Communication Emerita, University of Illinois at Chicago
Economic Freedom and Social Justice
This book analyses the egalitarian foundations of equality law from a classical liberal perspective by asking two central questions: does justice ideally demand equality? Are differences in abilities among people in some sense unfair? The book examines these questions in the context of racial diversity. Racial justice as a component of social justice is often considered to be so emotionally and morally compelling that its implications for economic freedom are rarely subjected to critical scrutiny. In defending the classical ideal of formal equality in contexts of racial diversity this book questions the ethical status of egalitarian social and moral ideals. Economic Freedom and Social Justice argues that egalitarian ideals, like all subjective value judgements, must be subjected to critical intellectual inquiry rather than treated axiomatically. Drawing upon the legal framework in the UK and other common law jurisdictions, this book shows some of the ways in which egalitarian ideals, in addition to resting on false premises, are costly, harmful, and ultimately inimical to justice and liberty. The book argues that legal entitlements and policy guidelines constructed upon notions of racial equity are wrongly constituted as the main prism through which liberal market democracies govern private relationships, including the employment relationship. Written in a clear and forthright style, this book will be of interest to students and scholars in law, economics, philosophy and political economy.
Value, Historicity, and Economic Epistemology
This book aims to study, from an approach linked to epistemology and the history of ideas, the evolution of economic science and its differing seminal systems. Today mainstream economics solves certain problems chosen within the scope of "normal science," without questioning the epistemological foundations that support the paradigm within which they were conceived. Contrary to a Neoclassical interpretation, the historicist interpretation shows that, from the incommensurability of the different paradigms, it is impossible to conceive of a progress of economic science, in a long-term perspective. This book ultimately reveals, from the different economic schools of thought analyzed, that there is no pure form of episteme, or system of understanding. Each concrete episteme in the history of economic thought is by nature hybrid in the sense that it contains components from preceding systems of knowledge.
Studies in the History of Monetary Theory
This book presents an alternative approach to monetary theory that differs from the General Theory of Keynes, the Monetarism of Friedman, and the New Classicism of Lucas. Particular attention is given to the work of Hawtrey and his analysis of financial crises and his explanation of the Great Depression. The unduly neglected monetary theory of Hawtrey is examined in the context of his contemporaries Keynes and Hayek and the subsequent contributions of Friedman and of the Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments.Studies in the History of Monetary Theory aims to highlight the misunderstandings of the quantity theory and the price-specie-flow mechanism and to explain their unfortunate consequences for the subsequent development of monetary theory. The book is relevant to researchers, students, and policymakers interested in the history of economic thought, monetary theory, and monetary policy.
Marx and Le Capital
Over the past few years, Marx's Capital has received renewed academic and popular attention. This volume is dedicated to the history of the making, the theoretical evaluation, and the analysis of the dissemination and reception of an almost unknown version of Capital: the French translation, published between 1872 and 1875.
Exploring What Drives Indian Stock Market During Covid-19
This book analyses the dynamics of Indian stock market with a special emphasis during the period following emergence of Covid-19. Coming from the instability in stock market following Covid-19, it delves deeper into the dynamics and unfolds the causal relationship between various economic fundamentals and the stock prices. Observing short-term herding in the stock market following Covid-19, the book's finding suggests that investors in the Indian stock market made investment choices irrationally during Covid-19 crisis periods. It also showcases how the stock market became inefficient following the emergence of pandemic and did not follow the fundamentals. Interestingly, the findings suggest no relationship between stock returns and real economic activities in India. The format of presentation makes the book well suited not only for students, academics, policy makers and investors in the stock markets, but also people engaged or interested in business and finance. The book wouldthus be of interest to both specialists and the laity. Analysis contained in this book will help different readership groups in different ways. Researchers from economics and finance disciplines will be able to learn about frontiers in the theoretical paradigms discussed in the book; advanced econometric techniques applied in the book will also be useful for their own research. The macroeconomic insights, and insights from behavioural economics, can expand the knowledge of corporate sector, useful in making real life decisions. Finally, it will help policy makers, like SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), to formulate appropriate regulatory policies so as to minimize possibility of speculative bubbles as experienced during the pandemic period in the Indian stock markets.
Issues and Innovative Trends in Sustainable Growth - Strategy Challenges for Economic and Social Policies
Off-Campus Study, Study Abroad, and Study Away in Economics
Chapter 1. Exploring Your Own Local Economy Using Adam Smith.- Chapter 2. Extra-Curricular Undergraduate Student Field Trips.- Chapter 3. Economic Journeys in Alaska.- Chapter 4. Off-Campus Colloquia as Immersive Study and Active Learning: Capitaf, Milton and Rose Friedman's Home.- Chapter 5. Faculty professional development through international experiences..- Chapter 6. Educating in Theory and in Practice: The Fund for American Studies.- Chapter 7. International internships: Their value and a guide to setting them up.- Chapter 8. Teaching the Economics of Poverty and Discrimination as a Study Abroad in South Africa.- Chapter 9. Teaching Economics of Poverty as a Global Classroom Course in Ghana.- Chapter 10. Business in Emerging Markets: The Case of Morocco.- Chapter 11. The Chinese menu: How to discover the key ingredients of market systems through a study abroad program.- Chapter 12. Sports, Culture, and the Economy: Baseball in the Dominican Republic.- Chapter 13. Short Term Study Abroad - Renewable Energy in Germany and Switzerland.- Chapter 14. Study Abroad in Germany: Sie Mussen Arbeiten ], but It Is Not that Hard.- Chapter 15. Schumpeter in Vienna: A Study Abroad Course.- Chapter 16. Engaging Economics: 'The Innocents Abroad' in Rome and Italy.- Chapter 17. Developing Study Abroad Opportunities in Economics and Finance: Guidance from a Faculty-Led Program in Madrid, Spain.- Chapter 18. Exploring how place can enhance learning in short course study abroads.- Chapter 19. A Study Abroad Experience in Ireland: The Celtic Tiger Before and After the Global Financial Crisis.- Chapter 20. Multidisciplinary Agricultural Study Abroad in Uruguay.- Chapter 21. The World as a Living Economics Classroom: Lessons from 'Economies in Transition', a Faculty-Led Study Abroad Course in Central and Eastern Europe.- Chapter 22. Using Study Abroad to Teach the Fundamentals of a Market Economy in Comparative Settings.- Chapter 23. Study Abroad in the Transitional Economies.
Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations
This book examines the work of Adam Smith and his interest in the science of the legislator. Smith's criticism of the mercantile system and the political dimension of capitalism is discussed, alongside insight into what institutions he saw as necessary to transform the mercantile system into a system of natural freedom. Through insights into Smith's analysis of the political threats of capital accumulation and the growth of inequality, the point at which he discovered capitalism is highlighted. This book aims to explore Smith's belief set out in The Wealth of Nations that the mercantile system was a viable, if dangerous, economic model. It is relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought.
Unleashing the Power of 5gtob in Industries
This book will delve into how new ICTs, represented by 5G, collectively empower industries from the perspective of theories and practices. 5G is integrating with cloud, intelligence, big data, and applications to push the boundaries of industries and diversify industrial services. Starting from the background and value of industry digitalization, Section I introduces the new ICT infrastructure for industry digitalization, as well as a new support system based on this infrastructure to enable 5GtoB to bring new value to industries. Section II summarizes the success factors and four key capabilities for achieving 5GtoB success from methodological perspective. Abundant application cases are provided in Section III to explore the adoption of 5GtoB in key enterprises across industries, as well as the benefits brought to these enterprises. The final section analyzes the future evolution and applications of 5GtoB.5G enables a plethora of possibilities. We believe that this book will inspire everyone in the 5GtoB industry chain to embrace 5GtoB and take the digital transformation of industries to new heights.
Macroeconomic Analysis for Economic Growth
The book discusses the essential principles that guide macroeconomic policy formulation and implementation to stimulate strong economic growth for sustainable development, especially for emerging economies. It includes twelve chapters over three sections: "Macroeconomics of Economic Growth", "Labour Market and Employment", and "The Financial System and Macroeconomic Performance". Key conclusions illustrate that the efficacy of regulatory frameworks to create enabling conditions for nurturing and bolstering robust value-adding production structures anchored on appropriate macroeconomic management are the fundamental building blocks of strong economic growth.
China's Reform: History, Logic, and Future
This book is about where to go and what to do in China's reform. Its comprehensive overview and economic analysis of China's reform offers a coverage not found in other English language text. It provides an overview of China's development and reform practice, an economic analysis of China's market-oriented reform and a brief introduction to the theoretical origin, practices, and defects of the planned economy. In so doing, this book demonstrates that the key to the success of China's reform lies in drawing reasonable governance boundaries between government and the market and between government and society. It further discusses the basic elements required for modernizing China's state governance system and conducts an analysis of China's reform and development in 13 key fields. The analysis is based on three dimensions-theoretical logic, practical knowledge, and a historical perspective. This book proposes three elements of comprehensive state governance-inclusive economic institutions; the state capacity to plan and implement policies and laws; and an inclusive and transparent civil society with democracy, the rule of law, fairness, and justice. Its analysis also features the novel application of mechanism design theory by employing the two core ideas of information and incentives and a new research methodology consisting of "three dimensions and six natures". This book reviews and grasps China's reform through a qualitative analysis of economic theories and an empirical analysis of statistics from a historical perspective spanning over 180 years. It is proposed to be an important reference for understanding the past, present, and future of China's reform and teaching about the potential economic superpower. It can also serve as an essential resource for those who are interested in China's economic reform and development.
Deep Integration, Global Firms, and Technology Spillovers
This open access book explores the impact of deep regional economic integration on spillovers of knowledge and technology across countries. Deep integration through signing deep regional trade agreements (DRTAs), which cover various policy areas in addition to tariff reductions, may or may not facilitate technology spillovers among their signatories. To understand the mechanism of the impact of deep integration on technology spillovers, this book starts by analyzing the behavior of global firms. Factors that affect global firms' activities, such as export, foreign direct investment (FDI), offshore outsourcing, are examined. Micro data on Japanese firms are employed for the analysis. Then, the relationships between bilateral trade patterns and technology spillovers and between types of FDI and technology spillovers are investigated in detail. Patent citation data are used to measure technology spillovers. Finally, the impact of DRTAs on international technology spillovers is analyzed. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in the effects of deep regional integration, including academic scholars, policymakers, and graduate students.
Making Sense of China's Economy
For years, China's transformation from one of the world's poorest nations was lauded as a triumph that lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. There were always questions about data reliability and growth sustainability, but the general views on China have recently taken a decidedly sour turn. Concerns abound about state interference in the economy, an ageing population, and high debt level. Making Sense of China's Economy untangles China's complex economic structure, evolving issues and curious contradictions, and explains some key features of this most puzzling of global economic powerhouses. This book reveals how factors such as demographics, the initial stage of development in 1978, the transition away from full state ownership and central planning, the dual urban-rural society, and a decentralised governance structure have combined to shape the economy, its development and its reforms. It shows how the pragmatic and adaptive nature of China's policymaking upends familiar perspectives and hinders simple cross-country comparisons. The book also explores crucial topics including the property market, debt accumulation and environmental challenges. In this book, Tao Wang innovatively weaves the multiple strands of China's economy into a holistic and organic tapestry that gives us unique insights from both a Chinese and an international perspective. This book is critical reading for business leaders, investors, policymakers, students, and anyone else hoping to understand China's economy and its future evolution and impact, written by a specialist who has studied the country from both inside and out.
The Demise of the West
Have you been wondering why it feels as if the Western world is not what it used to be? Maybe you've been feeling that all that we see and hear around us is problems, protests, and poverty? Or that our politicians and our media aren't as objective and truthful as you once thought they were? You might be wondering why so many people seem to be in debt and why young people are unable to afford homes. And why does it feel as if everyonearound us sees injustice? In this book, Joey Keasberry tries to provide answers to these questions and gives his input on how you can improve your resilience to increased uncertainty in the coming era.
'From Brown Sugar to Green Gold'
A Chartered Manager by Profession, Dr Malcolm Charles has had a long and distinguished career in the field of Business Administration, Management & Corporate Governance, ever since entering that field as a 'Statistics Officer & Management Trainee' upon completion at St Marys College (local high school) in the late 1960s.He later pursued studies in the UK, graduating in the field of Business Management & Sustainability, returning home to serve with Geest Industries and its various subsidiary Boards spanning the Windward Islands, which business supported some 22,000 Registered Banana Farmers at its peak...The text of this book therefore seeks to enlighten interested readers on the 'socio-economic impact' the Banana Industry had provided during its 'hay day' and the role played by the Geest Group across the Windward Islands, with which the Author and his eclectic range of contributors had been affiliated, for some three (3) plus decades.Today, he humbly shares his 'catalogue of research', having earlier been decorated by the late HM Queen Elizabeth II as an honorary 'Officer of the British Empire'(OBE) for dedicating lifelong services to 'Business Development & Sustainability' and later, the Queens Jubilee Medal for his (apparent) 'unbridled Humanitarianism'.
The Sustainable Development Theory: A Critical Approach, Volume 2
Chapter 1. First Steps In Perverting Sustainability.- Chapter 2. In Search Of A Lost Lesson.- Chapter 3. How To Conceive The Brundtland Agenda In The Context Of The Nominal Economy's Imperialism.- Chapter 4. Social Pressure.- Chapter 5. Degrowth - A Logical Inadequacy?.- Chapter 6. Nature - The Highlight Of The Theory Of Sustainability.- Chapter 7. General Conclusions.
Spirit of the Silk Road
This book is a systematic analysis of the trade interconnectivity, logistics, urbanization, and economic development among countries along the Silk Road. The prospects for cooperation amongst countries on the Silk Road are clarified in a book which will interest scholars of geopolitics, of economic growth, and of China's Belt and Road Initiative.
A Preliminary Study on the New Normal of China's Economy
This book shows a panorama of sustainable development practices covering 70 major cities. This book has created the analysis framework of the "New Normal" of China's economy, demonstrated the features and connotation of the "New Normal", carried out in-depth analysis and systematic study on the connotation and extension of the "New Normal" of China's economy from ten aspects including growth shift, structural upgrading, innovation drive, regional synergy, moderate inflation, reform bonus, opening-up forced, risk exposure, sustainable development and macro-control in details and proposed targeted policy suggestions with practical application value that adapt to the new normal of China's economy and ensure the sustained, steady and healthy operation of the macro-economy.
Economics and All That
Volume I of Economics and All That explains fundamental concepts of economics to both students and members of the lay audience who want to learn more about such things as markets and money and banks and finance. The title of this book is borrowed from the tongue-in-cheek thousand-year history of England called 1066 and All That, which has been a classic for almost a century. The book uses humorous examples to help readers understand many of the basic concepts of economics, some of which are: Supply and DemandConspicuous ConsumptionThe Invisible HandParadox of ValuePareto EfficiencyMoral HazardGame Theory and the Prisoner's DilemmaNormal and Inferior GoodsGiffen GoodsPerfect CompetitionThe Time Value of MoneyDerivativesFinancial BubblesThe Yield CurveCryptocurrencies
The Enigma of Social Harm
Drawing on a novel blend of moral philosophy, social science psychoanalytic theory and continental philosophy, this book offers up a diagnosis of contemporary liberal capitalist society and the increasingly febrile culture it has produced when it comes to matters of harm.
Chip War: The Fight for the World`s Most Critical Technology
The Closed World of East German Economists
History is replete with examples of scientists and social scientists working under the yoke of oppressive regimes. In The Closed World of East German Economists, Till D羹ppe tells the story of a generation of economists whose entire careers coincided with the forty-one-year existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). In a micro-historical fashion, he examines the world of East German economists through the formative episodes in the lives of five different economists from this "hope" generation. Using both the perspective of the actors as expressed in interviews and archival material unknown to the actors, the book follows East German economics from the early days of the acceptance of Marxism-Leninism through to its interaction with Western economics and its eventual dissolution following the collapse of the Berlin Wall. It is fascinating insight into the challenges faced by economists in a unique period of European history.
The Soviet Union and the Construction of the Global Market
Oscar Sanchez-Sibony reveals the origins of our current era in the dissolution of the institutions that governed the architecture of energy and finance during the Bretton Woods era. He shows how, in the second half of the 1960s, the Soviet Union sought to dismantle the compartmentalized nature of Bretton Woods in order to escape its material ostracism and pave a path to global finance and exchange that the United States had vetoed during the 1950s and 1960s. Through the construction of a set of pipelines that helped Europe's energy regime change from coal to oil and gas, the Soviet Union succeeded in developing market relations and a relationship with Western capital as durable as the pipelines themselves. He shows how a history of the development of capitalism needs to integrate the socialist world in bringing about the new form of capitalism that regiments our lives today.
Power Struggles
This book explores East Asia's and the Asia Pacific's energy security exploring key issues including major trans-border energy projects, major country's energy mix policy, trans- border pipelines, LNG transfer between nations, balance of power relations between major powers, the North Korean energy situation, energy alliances, Belt and Road Initiative, Indo-Pacific Strategy, World Choke point and more. In particular, this book provides the detailed analysis of the current problems of energy security and diplomacy among various countries as well as policy implications. It will clearly serve as a manual to enhance energy security in the region and boost energy transaction as well as the pioneering step to conceptualize the notion of energy security among political circles, in the diplomatic community and energy industry as well as international relations academics.
Advanced Mathematical Methods in Environmental and Resource Economics
The most interesting issues in environmental and resource economics have an explicit temporal dimension, since variables of interest such as pollutants, greenhouse gases, biomass of biological resources, or the stocks of fossil fuels accumulate in the ambient environment or are depleted through human actions and natural processes.The purpose of these lectures is to present the mathematical tools for analyzing environmental and resource management issues in a dynamic set-up.The lectures include a brief description of differential equations and then move on to describe methods of optimal control, dynamic programing, and differential games. The final chapters cover two novel topics: (1) environmental issues characterized by deep uncertainty, and aversion to ambiguity using robust control methods and formulations of precautionary policies; and (2) the study of pollution/resource management in space and time when the environmental variables evolve in time and diffuse in space.The lectures are a valuable tool for advanced graduate students in environmental and resource economics who are studying dynamic problems.
Quantitative Analysis of Social and Financial Market Development
This 30th volume of the International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics explores the latest social and financial developments across Asian markets. Chapters cover a range of topics such as the impact of COVID-19 related events in Southeast Asia along the determinants of capital structure before and during the pandemic; the influence of new distribution concepts on macro and micro economic levels; as well as the effects of long-term cross-currency basis swaps on government bonds. These peer-reviewed papers touch on a variety of timely, interdisciplinary subjects such as real earnings impact and the effects of public policy. Together, Quantitative Analysis of Social and Financial Market Development is a crucial resource of current, cutting-edge research for any scholar of international finance and economics.
The Wirecard Scandal 2020. Wirecard and related Corporate Governance Issues
Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1,3, University of Augsburg, language: English, abstract: This paper addresses the Wirecard scandal of 2020 and aims to derive related corporate governance issues. An analyzation of proposed solutions that should help to provide similar future crises is also part of the investigation. Firstly, it is argued that there is a confusion concerning the responsibility among german supervisors which needs to be clarified. Additionally, it is discussed that early warning signs must not be neglected. Finally, suggestions for necessary modifications within the external and internal audit process are given and analyzed.
The Impact Of Foreign Aid And Foreign Debt on the Economic Growth in Somalia
Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 3.67, SIMAD University (SIMAD University), course: Economic and Social Science, language: English, abstract: The inflows of foreign debt and foreign aid in the post-war period had grown significantly in developing and underdeveloped countries, and Somalia is no exception. For several decades Somalia has been receiving foreign capital by debt or by aid. The study sought to find out to what extent do foreign debt and foreign aid have an impact on economic growth in Somalia. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used. The result was that foreign debt has an insignificant effect on economic growth, while foreign aid has a positive significant effect on economic growth, which indicates an increase in foreign aid will cause an increase in economic growth. The study identifies many obstacles Somalia faces when it comes to the utilization of foreign funds. The study concludes by proposing several recommendations to counter these obstacles.
Environmental sustainability as a contemporary challenge and its impacts on the marketing
Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: A, University of Wisconsin-Madison, language: English, abstract: This essay deals with the impacts of the economical growth on the market and the marketing. The focus lies on environmental sustainability. The economic growth in the last 2 decades has led to the lifting of over 660 million people from poverty but have also led to the raisin of the levels of incomes of millions. However, such developments at the expense of environmental sustainability has come at the expense of the poor communities and the environment. Despite the growth patterns recorded in the last couple of decades, environmental sustainability has in the recent years become a contemporary challenge as billions of people still lack access to services such as electricity, access to clean water and are malnourished. Top executives of companies have started to deal with unique and complex environmental challenges. The majority of the executives are still hesitant to adopt sustainable strategies to the core of the operations of the firms including in marketing due to the belief that the costs are higher than the benefits. Such beliefs are contrary to the academic research and the bottom line benefits of sustainable marketing practices. Environmental sustainability as a contemporary challenge that has a number of influence on the marketing practices, markets and consumers amongst others. Environmental sustainability has had significant impacts on the consumers in a number of ways. The research indicates that B2B and B2C clients have increasingly adopted a sustainable view where sustainability of the company is used by the consumers in the consumer purchase behavior. In the recent years, the consumers have become increasingly interested in environmentally friendly alternatives thus creating markets for the sustainability. The consumer expectation has led to the push for the businesses to develop the sustainable products.
Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being
Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1,0, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (Faculty: Law and Economics), language: English, abstract: This paper will examine the discourse on whether growth leads to greater life satisfaction. First, the historical data on growth and its significance are examined, and then two opposing positions on the question of whether growth brings more happiness are elaborated and analysed. In the end, we will assess to what extent we should and can orient ourselves to these findings in the future. Growth - Navigator to happiness? It should always go in one direction: higher, faster, further. We owe much of the technological progress of our time to this mantra. While 36% of Germans owned a smartphone in 2012, the proportion rose to over 81% in 2019. But does it always have to be more money, does the life satisfaction of a society increase when its economy grows? This debate is certainly not new; almost every pupil should write a paper in social science class on whether the gross domestic product could be a suit-able indicator of prosperity. In recent years, the call for a new indicator of prosperity has become louder and louder. For example, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Jacinda Ardern, announced last year that in the future she would pay more attention to the standard of living of her citizens than to economic strength alone. She justified the paradigm shift by saying that despite solid growth of 3% and an unemployment rate of 3.9%, New Zealand had a high rate of homelessness and one of the highest suicide rates. Also, 27% of children lived in poverty. Ardern is gradually changing its budget to follow the OECD's "Better Life" recommendations. Priority will now be given to government spending that strengthens mental health, pro-motes digital development and a sustainable economy, and reduces child poverty and inequalities. "This budget is a game-changing event", says Richard La
Status of Utilization of Information and Communication and Technology in Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) in the Province of Sorsogon
Scientific Study from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1.1, course: MASTER OF ARTS IN MANAGEMENT MAJOR IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, language: English, abstract: This study determined the status of utilization of ICT in DPWH in Province of Sorsogon for CY 2019. It was a descriptive research design because the data are meant to be described as reflected in the instrument. The respondents were the computer literate employees in DPWH Sorsogon 1st DEO and Sorsogon 2nd DEO. Researcher-made questionnaire was employed as the main instrument. Documentary analysis was incorporated before distribution of instrument. It was subjected to interpretation and analysis with the use of appropriate statistical measures and tools. Frequency count, weighted mean, percentage and rank were the statistical treatments utilized. Along the status of utilization of ICT in human resource management, records management and project management, it garnered an overall weighted mean of 3.96, 3.70 and 4.60 respectively, describing ICT as being highly utilized. While all of the indicators provided in financial management received a weighted mean ranging from 2.10 to 1.69, and all plainly describing ICT as less utilized. Among the challenges encountered by employees, the following was found to be most prevalent: lack of trainings for IT support which results to slow adoption of new technologies; no records management system within the district; insufficient high-end laptops or desktops for design software that causes delay on planning stage and; although all indicators of financial management received low means, slow budget system (e-Budget) for facilitating and monitoring is the main challenge for the variable. A proposed DPWH action development plan was proposed.
Active Labour Market Policies in Germany and Denmark. A comparison
Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,0, Vytautas Magnus University, language: English, abstract: In the following Essay the authors wants to compare the two geographic neighbors Denmark and Germany and their different measures of active labour market policies that they have implemented in their systems. Active labour market policies have a long history that is going back to the so-called Rehn-Meidner model which was born in the 1960`s in Sweden, but the research about this topic is not that old and goes back with its begins to the the years between 1990 and 2000. On the one hand, when you think about nowadays research literature the most experts agree that the champion of ALMPs comes from Denmark. This small nordic country is often seen as a paradigm and model at ALMPs. On the other hand we have Germany, a country with a booming economy and every year new records with total numbers of employments. Both countries have strongly developed economies and low unemployment rates. The author wants to compare these successful countries and wants to focus on the impact of Active Labour Market Policies. Unemployment is one of the biggest problems in every nations economy. How is it possible to get as much as possible people in longterm employment. How can you help to prevent long-term unemployment? How can you prepare your human capital well for the labor market trough life-long-learning in a fast-paced world? And how can guarantee a certain flexibility on the other side for your open, globalized and innovative economy? So what are the right measures to achieve your labor market policy goals?
Public Policy and Business Strategy for Industrial Development
Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Industrial Economics, grade: A, language: English, abstract: Industrial policies are one of the instruments for addressing market failures. This paper is aimed at assessing what public policy and business strategy for industrial development in developing countries looks like from empirical studies perspective. In developing and emerging economies, small scale industrial enterprises that require protection from the side of the government are major source of employment. The small-scale industrial firms particularly need access to credit to increase their competitiveness and integrate themselves into local and global value chains. Policies and strategies that play a role in transforming the dominant and low productive sector, subsistent agriculture, to highly productive industrial sector is the focus area of governments of developing economies. Strategic coordination between private and public need to be functional to have policies and strategies that are important for sustainable industrial development in developing economies.
Global Hunger. Who or what is to be blamed for it?
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Health - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,5, University of Education Weingarten (Englisch), course: Academic Writing and Research, language: English, abstract: Who or what is to be blamed for hunger? This report concentrates on four important causes for hunger, because there are many factors which can lead to hunger. It will refer to the word hunger, its causes and consequences. Therefor, four causes will be explained in detail. Researches bring to light that poverty is the principal cause of hunger. Furthermore, a study about world population trends describes the dramatic growth of the world population, which is another cause of global hunger. Another survey mentions the problem of food waste primarily in rich countries. Last but not least the increasing demand for meat is another problem. Finally the last sections of the paper include a discussion about a set of solution attempts to combat global hunger, followed by a recommendation what individuals should do in future in terms of the global hunger problem.
Digital Transformation and New Approaches in Trade, Economics, Finance and Banking
Digital transformation is among the most important opportunities provided bytechnological development. It is important to scientifically reveal the effects of digitaltransformation in the fields of economics, finance, banking and trade. For thispurpose, research that theoretically and empirically analyzes the effects of digitaltransformation on the economics and finance-related fields is needed. This book aims to present these studies by operating a scientific process. Valuablestudies of researchers, scientists, academicians and bureaucrats who are interestedin this subject, are essential. These studies will result in a guide for managers andpolicymakers by revealing the effects of digital transformation and technologicaldevelopments in the fields of economy and will create a scientific resource forresearchers and students who are interested in the subject.
The Age of Crisis
This book offers an analysis of the causes, development, and likely consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic for global neoliberalism. The analysis will draw upon the author's previous work on neoliberalism, and on its twin crises: the economic crisis (the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), ongoing since 2007) and, subsequently, the crisis of political democracy that has been associated with the rise of 'spectacular' authoritarian leaders in several countries. The approach is grounded on Marxist political economy. The book argues that the Covid-19 pandemic emerges out of this context of deep inequalities and crises in the economy and in politics, and it is likely to reinforce the exclusionary tendencies of neoliberalism, with detrimental implications both for economic prosperity and for democracy. In turn, the pandemic has revealed the limitations of neoliberalism like never before, with implications for the legitimacy of capitalism itself, and opening unprecedented spaces for theleft. This book will be of interest to academics in economics, international relations, political science, political economy, sociology and development studies.
The Japanese Economy During the Great Depression
Introduction: Takahashi Korekiyo, the Man Who Brought Japan Out of the Great Depression.- Japan's Plunge into and Emergence from the Great Depression.- Policy Innovation in the Great Depression.- Sustainability of Public Debt under Stress.- Origins of the Economic Ideas of Takahashi Korekiyo.- Conclusion: Lessons for Today from Takahashi Korekiyo's Policies.
WHY CIVILIZATIONS FALL And Cannot Rise Again
Historians commonly cite natural disasters and foreign invasions to explain cultural collapses. The human family, however, is specifically designed to overcome and adapt to difficult circumstances. The problem is human division. What invisible forces, over long, long time periods, divide and destroy the human family? What malignant forces cause irreconcilable conflicts and deter human families from reuniting to solve mutual problems? These forces are unnoticed because they work over extended periods of time, beyond the short lifespans and understandings of ordinary humans. What are these inhuman forces exactly? And how, specifically, do they destroy human cultures? In police investigations, following the capital flow (the money) often leads investigators to important facts-such as, why crimes are committed and who the criminals are. Most crimes are disputes over capital. Indeed, following the capital flow, seeking the facts, is the intent of this book. We hope to encounter the true criminals of history. The conclusions should be irrefutable and obvious. But to be thorough, we need to start at the beginning, the true beginning of capital exchanges: This original capital economy, the economy of life, started long before humans arrived, billions of years ago. So we will begin 4.1 billion years ago at the origin of capital economies on earth. The discussion will include the ancient civilizations of Greece, Rome, China, The Khmer, The Maya, The Anasazi, Europe, Ottomans, Africa, and the Americas. Why did they fall? Why did they fail to rise again? And finally, how do the natural forces of cultural entropy continue to impact modern civilizations today?
The Political Economy of Reforms and the Remaking of the Proletarian Class in China, 1980s-2010s
This book comprehensively investigates the position of China's working class between the 1980s and 2010s and considers the consequences of economic reforms in historical perspective. It argues the case that, far from the illusion during the Maoist period that a new society had been established where the working classes held greater political and economic autonomy, economic reforms in the post-Mao era have led to the return of traditional Marxist proletariats in China. The book demonstrates how the reforms of Deng Xiaoping have led to increased economic efficiency at the expense of economic equality through an extensive case study of an SOE (state-owned enterprise) in Sichuan Province as well as wider discussions of the emergence of state capitalism on both a micro and macroeconomic level. The book also discusses workers' protests during these periods of economic reform to reflect the reformation of class consciousness in post-Mao China, drawing on Marx's concept of a transition from a'class-in-itself' to a 'class-for-itself'. It will be valuable reading for students and scholars of Chinese economic and social history, as well as political economy, sociology, and politics.
Causes of Japan's Low Inflation in the 21st Century
Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 1.3, University of M羹nster, language: English, abstract: The objective of this paper is to not only give an overview of Japan's Lost Decades and its pioneering use of monetary and fiscal policy measures, but to also investigate why Japan was unable to lift itself out of the deflationary slump. Over the years, the literature has identified a variety of different factors, that have temporarily pushed the Japanese inflation rate into negative territory, but no single explanation was yet able to reveal the permanence of it. This paper will hence follow the literature in considering different factors, grouping them into demand and supply factors, to ease the analysis. An additional focus of this study will be on the Bank of Japan's pioneering, yet dissatisfying use of monetary policy. Japan's struggle with (consumper price) deflation began in the aftermath of the asset bubble and subsequent banking crisis in the 1990s. The period since then has become known as the Lost Decades, which are characterized by negative output growth, moderate deflation, as well as rising income inequality. While Japan's bouts with deflation are interesting from a practical point of view, regarding their negative consequences on the economy and ultimately the people of Japan, they are even more interesting from a theoretical point of view, as part of a discussion and refinement of alternative theories of economic fluctuations.
Zero Interest Policy and the New Abnormal
In the 'New Normal' central banks set their interest rate to zero and print money through massive quantitative easing, while finance ministries run huge fiscal deficits. Yet inflation remains minimal. Zero Interest Policy and the New Abnormal explains why. It also explains why the New Normal is really the New Abnormal, and why it can't last. This study traces the academic roots of the New Abnormal to a conceptual confusion about the 'natural rates of interest', and postmodernism in macroeconomics, exemplified by the DSGE (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) movement. It develops a theory of 'existential risk' which is concerned with the collapse of political economies such the Bretton Woods system and the New Abnormal. The book demonstrates that existential risk expresses itself in the growing gap between the natural rate of interest, measured by the rate of return on capital, and the real rate of interest, as well as in the development of cryptocurrencies. Beenstock develops a theory of 'kinetic inflation' based on Keynes' liquidity trap, which accounts for the absence of inflation in the New Abnormal, and predicts its outbreak when zero interest policy ends. He also explores the adverse social consequences of the New Abnormal for fertility, pensions, house prices, economic inequality, and intergenerational equity and establishes a causal link from the New Abnormal to Covid-19 mitigation policy, and from the latter to the intensification of the New Abnormal. Finally, it assesses the prospects for ending the New Abnormal, and an orderly return to the Old Normal. The alternative is to crash-out of the New Abnormal chaotically.
Resurgent India
In the backdrop of the Coronavirus having wreaked havoc on nations across the world and adversely impacting economic growth of countries, the government and monetary authorities, such as the Reserve Bank of India, stepped forward with conventional as well as unconventional stimulus measures. This was the time for the Government and fellow Indians to reboot, redraw, and reinvent the wheel of progress, and paint a new standing in the World Economic Order. Thus, in light of the above-mentioned macroeconomic scenario existing in India in June 2020, the authors decided to continuously examine the important measures and policies announced by the Government and evaluate its impact on the country. Part 1 of the book traces the preceding trends in the economic growth of the country during 2010-20, the initial impact of the virus on the Indian economy, the macroeconomic perspectives, including the required fiscal measures through the very first post-pandemic budget, i.e., for 2021-22, and the country's progress on the path to economic recovery in the first quarter of 2022. Part 2 critically analyses policy initiatives undertaken by the Government for achieving an Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India), short-term and long-term structural reforms, agricultural reforms, the six pillars on which the union budget 2021-22 has been formulated, and bold measures like the proposal for asset monetization of PSUs and government's re-think on retrospective taxes. Part 3 lays out a roadmap of policy suggestions which warrant government focus and attention to make India into a self-reliant nation. These initiatives can help in achieving the dream of doubling farmers' income and making India into a global manufacturing hub. This section also discusses the importance of cooperative federalism and challenges before the government in making India into a self-reliant nation, especially in terms of administrative machinery and the judicial system.
World Economy and International Business
This textbook offers a comprehensive picture of the world economy, the global business environment, and international business. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which introduces readers to the essentials of the world economy, including its typology, key concepts and theories, the dynamics of the world economy, and key actors and institutions. It also addresses macroeconomic and financial indicators for economic growth and forecasting and discusses major modern trends and problems, such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, patterns of globalization, shifts in global economic power, and developmental, social and environmental challenges. In turn, the second part focuses on the global business environments, presenting country and regional studies. The third part addresses macro and micro aspects of international business, featuring contributions on topics such as global economic governance, global capital flows, multinational corporations, global value chains, international trade and its regulation and practice, international knowledge transfer, international labor migration as well as foreign aid, external debt, and business culture in international business.
