Notes on Monetary System of Ancient Kashmir
Notes on Monetary System of Ancient Kashmir is an unchanged, high-quality reprint of the original edition of 1899. Hansebooks is editor of the literature on different topic areas such as research and science, travel and expeditions, cooking and nutrition, medicine, and other genres. As a publisher we focus on the preservation of historical literature. Many works of historical writers and scientists are available today as antiques only. Hansebooks newly publishes these books and contributes to the preservation of literature which has become rare and historical knowledge for the future.
The Pandemic Information Solution
Covid-19 is a global pandemic inflicting large health and economic costs. In his previous book, The Pandemic Information Gap: The Brutal Economics of COVID-19 (MIT Press, 2020), economist Joshua Gans explains that those costs have been so large because governments and others have lacked the information needed to control the pandemic. Unless we know who is infectious, we can't break the chains of transmission, which results in the escalation of our problems. Pandemics, he writes, are information problems.Now, in this follow-up book, Gans outlines the solution to the information gap. By engaging in rapid, frequent screening, we can control the pandemic and restore normality. We can lower the number of cases, break chains of transmission, and make it safe for people to interact again. This will require changing our mindset about testing, gathering the right information, and matching that information to the right decisions. We have the ingredients to do all these things. We just need to put them together in a scalable and sustainable system. This book is a guide to the issues and trade-offs that policymakers and other key decision-makers need to grapple with and follow.
Italy-China Trade Relations
This book examines the political connections and trade relations between Italy and China, with particular emphasis on the second half of the 19th century and the period following the Second World War. In recent years, economic relations between the two countries have intensified as a result of increasing exchange and trade agreements, with positive impacts on their political and diplomatic relations. By studying original public sources such as the Archives of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Bank of Italy and the Central State Archives in Rome, the author offers a historical perspective on the evolution of the two countries' economic and political ties. The respective chapters address e.g. the role of international governmental authorities, the role of the Italian Bank of China, the impact of trade agreements and foreign investment projects, etc. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars of economic history and international economics, as well as politicalscientists and legal scholars with an interest in international diplomacy and trade agreements.
Society as an Interaction Space
As digitalization and social media are increasingly blurring the boundaries between traditional societal, political, and economic institutions, this book provides a cross-disciplinary examination of value co-creation. From various standpoints, it examines how institutions contribute to service ecosystems and how digitalization is transforming value co-creation in these ecosystems. Further, the book shares new perspectives on relational dynamics among government, companies, and citizens. These insights fill the gaps between service science and political science by integrating institutional logics into the concept of value co-creation. The book subsequently examines society as an interaction space. Topics discussed include the new logic and transformation mechanisms of economic activities, citizen participation, governance, and policy-making in the face of technological innovations, market-based reforms, and the risk of disconnect between citizens and policy-making. Here the focus is on value co-creation in complex adaptive systems where institutions, individuals, and businesses negotiate value and interests in networked relations. In closing, the book presents a range of empirical case studies on value co-creation, which provide examples of active networked citizenship, innovative governance and policy-making, democratic leadership, and trust-building dialogue among institutions. The studies address the context of Nordic countries, recognized as world-leading democracies. Pursuing a systems approach, the book articulates a social reality composed of interacting and interconnected elements that cannot be captured with only micro or macro levels of analysis. Service ecosystems are considered as configurations of people and technologies embedded in institutionalized rules, cultural meanings, and practices, offering valuable insights into the service-centered view of markets and society. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book offers a valuable resource for all students and scholars interested in understanding and envisioning the future democratic landscape.
Indonesia Energy Sector Assessment, Strategy, and Road Map - Update
This report provides an overview of Indonesia?s energy sector and a summary of Asian Development Bank?s (ADB) current and planned support. Core sector issues are discussed such as the poor alignment of energy policies, rules, and regulations; the dominance of fossil fuels; and constraints to energy efficiency. The report explains the government?s energy sector strategy, policies, and plans as well as planned support from ADB and other development partners. A road map and results framework for the sector is also presented.
Impact of COVID-19 on CAREC Aviation and Tourism
This study of the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the aviation industry in Central Asia Regional Cooperation (CAREC) countries finds opportunities for reform and restructuring to facilitate fast recovery. COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on global aviation as nearly all air travel came to a halt in late March and April 2020. In Central Asia, virtually all domestic and international air travel were suspended in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. This crisis provides an opportunity to reset the aviation industry in CAREC countries through reforms, new strategies, and restructurings. The study takes into consideration the gravity of the situation in the region and offers some recommendations for dealing with and beyond the crisis.
The COVID-19 Impact on Philippine Business
This report draws on a survey of Philippine businesses to provide initial facts and ideas to help the government develop evidence-based policies to support enterprises hurt by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. It includes key findings from ADB?s Philippine enterprise survey carried out in April and May 2020 to gauge the impact of COVID-19 on the business community. The report provides information to support current and future analysis.
Mapping Property Tax Reform in Southeast Asia
This report presents an analysis and recommendations to improve the efficiency of tax systems in developing Asia in mobilizing domestic resources to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Key elements are identified for broader policy discussions on opportunities for reform and improvement based on current policies and implementation guidelines in Cambodia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The analysis focuses on the design of tax that is geared toward increasing domestic resource mobilization and ensuring the effectiveness of its administration. The publication can serve as a basis for comparing, evaluating, and improving the performance of property taxation in developing countries.
Macroeconomics, Third Edition
This book brings these theories together under one methodological roof, where the choices made by economic agents depend on their varying perceptions of the economic constraints they face, combining new classical principles, under which the economy operates at full employment, with theories that allow for extended periods of underemployment brought about by mixed signals from workers and employers.The task of macroeconomics is to provide the tools for understanding the performance of the aggregate economy, as measured by production, employment, inflation, and other economic indicators. Most books on this topic compare different theories of macroeconomic performance, under alternative assumptions about how individual consumers, workers and investors adjust to the economic environment in which they find themselves.This book brings these theories together under one methodological roof, where the choices made by economic agents depend on their varying perceptions of the economic constraints they face, combining new classical principles, under which the economy operates at full employment, with theories that allow for extended periods of underemployment brought about by mixed signals from workers and employers. The book takes up modern monetary theory and its bearing on the massive deficits run up the federal government over the ongoing 'corona contraction' and the earlier 'great contraction'. The author also reviews the policy interventions undertaken by the federal government during these contractions, with a view toward assessing their effectiveness.
Regional Public Goods in Asia and Europe
This report reviews regional public goods along with the challenges and benefits of their provision in Asia and Europe. Case studies and comparative analysis offer lessons for Asia. As economies become more integrated, development challenges are becoming more transnational. The provision of regional public goods can help address such challenges in Asia. They can play an important role in sustainable economic development at the national and regional levels by addressing common issues across borders.
Strengthening Support for Labor Migration in Tajikistan
This publication reviews the state of international migration out of Tajikistan and proposes programs and services to further strengthen support for migrant workers, including those affected by the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Migration for work is an important livelihood option for many households in Tajikistan due to limited job opportunities. Remittances from migrant workers significantly supplement the country?s foreign currency reserves. But the economic crisis and worldwide shutdown induced by COVID-19 have caused international migration flows to fall and remittances are projected to decline significantly. The publication also reviews international best practices and discusses ways to address migrant workers' issues related to the pandemic.
OECD Economic Surveys
The COVID-19 pandemic has plunged Finland into a deep recession, albeit less severe than in most other OECD countries. Finland managed to bring the first wave of the coronavirus under control quickly through a combination of voluntary mobility reductions and timely containment measures and is on track to do the same for the second wave. Nevertheless, many people have been laid off and the budgetary costs of supporting household- and business incomes have been considerable.
Constructing Purchasing Power Parities Using a Reduced Information Approach
This publication presents a cost-effective ?reduced information? approach for estimating purchasing power parities (PPPs). The approach can generate more firmly based estimates of PPPs, price level indexes, and measures of real (PPP-based) expenditures than conventional extrapolation methods. The results include PPP-based gross domestic product and its major aggregates of individual consumption expenditure by households and nonprofit institutions serving households, government final consumption expenditure, gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables, and balance of exports and imports.
COVID-19 and Livable Cities in Asia and the Pacific
This guidance note aims to support cities in ADB developing member countries to effectively and immediately respond to the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and ?build back better? in the short and medium terms. COVID-19 is causing an unprecedented global impact on cities across the world. The proposed approaches and actions discussed in this guidance note are anchored to the core principles of ADB?s Strategy 2030 Operational Plan for Priority 4: Making Cities More Livable and also considers the public health and economic impacts of the pandemic. The guidance note is one of a series produced by ADB for key sectors and thematic areas.
ASEAN+3 Multi-Currency Bond Issuance Framework
These guidelines explain how the ASEAN+3 Multi-Currency Bond Issuance Framework (AMBIF) relates to the professional Cambodian bond market. The guidelines highlight market characteristics that are significant for issuers and investors, and review the regulatory processes required for issuing different types of debt securities. The guidelines are an output of the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Forum and were developed to enable bond issuers and their service providers to pursue further issuances under AMBIF with greater ease and certainty.
Arguing with Zombies
There is no better guide than Paul Krugman to basic economics, the ideas that animate much of our public policy. Likewise, there is no stronger foe of zombie economics, the misunderstandings that just won't die. In Arguing with Zombies, Krugman tackles many of these misunderstandings, taking stock of where the United States has come from and where it's headed in a series of concise, digestible chapters. Drawn mainly from his popular New York Times column, they cover a wide range of issues, organized thematically and framed in the context of a wider debate. Explaining the complexities of health care, housing bubbles, tax reform, Social Security, and so much more with unrivaled clarity and precision, Arguing with Zombies is Krugman at the height of his powers.It is an indispensable guide to two decades' worth of political and economic discourse in the United States and around the globe, and now includes a preface on "Zombies in the Age of COVID-19." With quick, vivid sketches, Krugman turns his readers into intelligent consumers of the daily news and hands them the keys to unlock the concepts behind the greatest economic policy issues of our time. In doing so, he delivers an instant classic that can serve as a reference point for this and future generations.
Economic Effects of Antidumping
Economic Effects of Antidumping is an invaluable book that reviews many of the key developments in the economic analysis of antidumping law over the past 25 years. Thomas Prusa was one of the earliest economists to examine the economics of antidumping and its consequences, and this volume contains many of his contributions to the field.This book provides a broad overview of the author's works, which include many significant findings, including the propensity and effects of settled cases, trade diversion, the effect of legal provisions such as cumulation and zeroing, pricing distortions, tit-for-tat use of the law, and contingent protection as insurance. This book is appropriate for both students in economics, public policy and law, and for policymakers in the field.
Monetary War and Peace
The international monetary system imploded during the Great Depression. As the conventional narrative goes, the collapse of the gold standard and the rise of competitive devaluation sparked a monetary war that sundered the system, darkened the decade, and still serves as a warning to policymakers today. But this familiar tale is only half the story. With the Tripartite Agreement of 1936, Britain, America, and France united to end their monetary war and make peace. This agreement articulated a new vision, one in which the democracies promised to consult on exchange rate policy and uphold a liberal international system - at the very time fascist forces sought to destroy it. Max Harris explores this little-known but path-breaking and successful effort to revolutionize monetary relations, tracing the evolution of the monetary system in the twilight years before the Second World War and demonstrating that this history is not one solely of despair.
Das Koordinationsm瓣ngel-Diagnosekonzept
Die Begriffe "evidenzorientierte Theorie" und "evidenzbasierte Politik" werden unterschiedlich interpretiert (Jan/ Grabow, 2008; Weiland, 2013). Als gemeinsamen Kern aller Definitionen kann man aber die Forderung ansehen, dass die wissenschaftliche Basis eines Theorie- bzw. Politikzweigs von Hypothesen befreit werden soll, die nach sachgem瓣? durchgef羹hrten Tests von Experten als falsifiziert angesehen werden. Dies soll auch und gerade der Fall sein, wenn die Hypothesen eine Ideologie widerspiegeln, die lediglich auf einem internen Konsens politischer Gruppen beruht, oder wenn sie der Grund羹berzeugung wissenschaftlichen Schulen entsprechen, die sich trotz neuer empirischer Erkenntnisse nicht mehr weiterentwickeln und deshalb selbst dann als erstarrt betrachtet werden m羹ssen, wenn ihre Entstehung fr羹her einmal mit einem Erkenntnisfortschritt verbunden war. In diesem Sinn soll der Begriff auch in diesem Buch gebraucht werden: Es soll ein Instrument beschrieben werden, mit dessen Hilfe man die Dynamik realer Marktprozesse in der Wirtschaftsgeschichte statistisch nachvollziehen kann und das es gestattet, Hypothesen wie etwa die 繹konometrisch zu testen, dass eine bestimmte Art von Wettbewerbspolitik aus volkswirtschaftlicher Sicht positiv oder negativ auf diese Prozesse gewirkt hat, wie also z. B. eine Preisbindung der zweiten Hand die Prozesse beeinflusst hat, was bestimmte Formen genossenschaftlicher Kooperation zur Folge gehabt haben oder ob ein bestimmtes Kartell- oder Fusionsverbot kurzfristig zwar zu niedrigeren Preisen gef羹hrt hat, langfristig aber mit verringerten Innovationsraten erkauft werden musste.
Dynamiques Du D矇veloppement En Afrique 2021 Transformation Digitale Et Qualit矇 de l’Emploi
Dynamiques du d矇veloppement en Afrique tire les le癟ons des exp矇riences des cinq r矇gions du continent - Afrique australe, centrale, de l'Est, du Nord et de l'Ouest - pour d矇velopper des recommandations en mati癡re de politiques publiques et partager les bonnes pratiques. ?tay矇 par les plus r矇centes statistiques, son d矇cryptage des dynamiques de d矇veloppement vise ? permettre aux leaders africains de r矇aliser la vision strat矇gique de l'Agenda 2063 ? tous les niveaux: continental, r矇gional, national et local.
Africa’s Development Dynamics 2021 Digital Transformation for Quality Jobs
Africa's Development Dynamics uses lessons learned in the continent's five regions - Central, East, North, Southern and West Africa - to develop policy recommendations and share good practices. Drawing on the most recent statistics, this analysis of development dynamics attempts to help African leaders reach the targets of the African Union's Agenda 2063 at all levels: continental, regional, national and local.
Comptes Nationaux Des Pays de l’Ocde, Comptes de Patrimoine Financier 2020
Les Comptes nationaux des pays de l'OCDE, Comptes de patrimoine financier incluent les stocks financiers (? la fois actifs financiers et passifs), par secteur institutionnel (soci矇t矇s non financi癡res, soci矇t矇s financi癡res, administrations publiques, m矇nages et institutions sans but lucratif au service des m矇nages, 矇conomie totale et reste du monde) et par instrument financier.
National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Accounts 2020
The National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Accounts includes financial transactions (both net acquisition of financial assets and net incurrence of liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial operation.
Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2020 Supporting a Resilient Covid-19 Recovery
The least developed countries (LDCs) are the furthest from achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They are also likely to be hit the hardest by the COVID-19 crisis and badly need the additional private finance that blended finance can unlock. Yet evidence shows that too little private finance is mobilised for investment in LDCs. How can this be fixed?
Oecd-Wirtschaftsberichte: Deutschland 2020
Die deutsche Wirtschaft ist 2020 aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie in eine tiefe Rezession geraten. Durch entschlossenes staatliches Handeln gelang es, die Kapazit瓣ten des Gesundheitssystems zu st瓣rken und zugleich Arbeitspl瓣tze und Unternehmen zu sch羹tzen. Im Rahmen der Krisenantwort wurden auch die Investitionen zur Bew瓣ltigung der strukturellen Herausforderungen aufgestockt, die sich aus der Energiewende und der digitalen Transformation ergeben.
Comptes Nationaux Des Pays de l’Ocde, Comptes Financiers 2020
Les Comptes nationaux des pays de l'OCDE, Comptes financiers incluent les transactions financi癡res (? la fois acquisition nette d'actifs financiers et accroissement net des passifs), par secteur institutionnel (soci矇t矇s non financi癡res, soci矇t矇s financi癡res, administrations publiques, m矇nages et institutions sans but lucratif au service des m矇nages, 矇conomie totale et reste du monde) et par op矇ration financi癡re.
National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Balance Sheets 2020
The National Accounts of OECD Countries, Financial Balance Sheets includes financial stocks (both financial assets and liabilities), by institutional sector (non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general government, households and non-profit institutions serving households, total economy and rest of the world) and by financial instrument...
Introduction to Buddhist Economics
Living in a market-driven economy where short-term profit and economic growth appear to be the ultimate goal, this book explores how Buddhist teachings could bridge the divide between our spiritual and material needs and reconcile the tension between doing good for social interest and doing well for financial success. This book serves as a pioneering effort to systematically introduce Buddhist Economics as an interdisciplinary subject to audience with limited background in either Buddhism or economics. It elaborates some core concepts in Buddhist teachings, their relevance to economics, and means of achieving sustainability for individuals, society and the environment with the cultivation of ethical living and well-being. Through scholarly research from relevant fields including Buddhist studies, economics, behavioral finance, cognitive science, and psychology, this book illustrates the relevance of Buddhist values in the contemporary economy and society, as well as the efficacy ofBuddhist perspectives on decision-making in daily life.
Financial Sector Development in African Countries
This Palgrave Pivot begins with a broad focus on financial sector development as a whole, highlighting areas such as the money market, payment system, and the capital market, as well as issues such as regulatory strategy, capacity building of financial firms and service providers, and financial inclusion. In the area of foreign exchange market policies, the book argues that African countries should aim for social efficiency of the markets, which would include soundness of their foreign exchange systems, from an economic growth perspective, and fairness from an income distributional perspective. Finally, in recognition of the fact that some African countries desire financial systems that are strong enough to be international centers of finance, the policy-making implications of that ambition are discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars and students in development economics, finance, and money and banking, as well as policy-makers and practitioners. Further, international organisations and independent research organisations interested in economic development in general or financial system development issues will also find this book of value.
Pandemic Economics
Pandemic Economics applies economic theory to the Covid-19 era, exploring the micro and macro dimensions of the pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic phases. Using core economic tools such as marginal analysis, cost-benefit analysis and opportunity cost, this book explores the breadth of economic outcomes from the pandemic.
Reinventing Liberalism
In April 1947, a group of right-leaning intellectuals met in the Swiss Alps for a ten-day conference with the aim of establishing a permanent organization. Named "an army of fighters for freedom" by Friedrich Hayek, they would at times use "neoliberalism" as a description of the philosophy they were developing. Later, many of them would opt for "classical liberalism" or other monikers. Was their liberalism classical or was it new? All new creeds build on previous ones, but the intellectuals in question were involved in an explicit attempt to change liberalism and move beyond both past laissez-faire ideals and the social liberalism popular at the time. This book provides a contextual, historical understanding of the development of neoliberal ideas, by studying its evolution from the first socialist calculation debates in Red Vienna to the founding meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947. The author examines key neoliberal conceptions of totalitarianism, market mechanisms and states, and presents a detailed study of the discussions during the first meeting of the Mont Pelerin Society. Offering a new perspective on the ideas that have influenced economics and politics since the 1970s, this study appeals to scholars interested in modern and political history, political theory and the history of economic thought. "What is neoliberalism? In search of an answer, Innset's innovativeintellectual history takes us to a grand hotel overlooking Lake Geneva, and inside the first meeting of the Mont P癡lerin Society. Our journey leaves us with a deeper understanding of the new form of liberalism that is the legacy of this closed society." Edward Nik-Khah, Professor of Economics, Roanoke College "Reinventing Liberalism will put an end to endless debates around whether neoliberalism exists or not. Ola Morris Innset clearly shows that it does and presents a definitiveargument for what neoliberalism is. This book is a must read for all those who want to have a solid understanding of the ideology that is framing and increasingly visibly endangering our world...." Marie Laure Salles-Djelic, Sciences Po Paris
It Should Never Happen Again
In It Should Never Happen Again, Dr Mike Lauder questions the value of public inquiries. Every day, we hear about another inquiry being set up, or why the last one failed to deliver the hoped for outcomes. A great deal of time and taxpayers' money is spent on inquiries and even more on implementing their recommendations, but the author suggests that those conducting inquiries might be considered (by their own test) criminally negligent in the way they do so and that it is no surprise that they do not lead to the learning they should. The focus of Mike Lauder's research is the gaps between what is known, what knowledge is used by practitioners and those who judge them. He contends that the difference between the judicial perspective and that of practitioners who are judged by the inquiry process creates barriers that impede others from learning. Crucially, inquiry outcomes do not assist the leadership of organisations to improve risk governance. It Should Never Happen Again is based on research into high profile public inquiries and presidential commissions in the UK, the USA, Continental Europe, and elsewhere. Embracing issues ranging from terrorist attacks to pollution, fire and air disasters; criminal cases; banking and bribery scandals; and the state of public services, Mike Lauder contrasts the judicial perspective of those who inquire, the academic perspective of those who know and the practical perspective of those who are required to act, and offers new models for understanding risk and its governance.
The Future of Global Economic Governance
In light of new global challenges for international cooperation and coordination, such as the revival of protectionism, surge of populism, or energy-related issues, this volume highlights possible scenarios for the future of Global Economic Governance (GEG). The contributing authors analyze the substance of GEG as a normative framework for resolving collective action issues and promoting cross-border co-ordination and co-operation in the provision or exchange of goods, money, services and technical expertise in the world economy. Furthermore, the book examines drivers of fundamental shifts in global economic steering and covers topics such as power and authority shifts in the global governance architecture, technological and energy-related challenges, and the role of the G20 and BRICS in shaping global economic governance."This book provides a very timely and nuanced account of the challenges facing the established global order."Andrew F. Cooper (Professor of Political Science at the University of Waterloo)"This valuable collection from a new generation of innovative scholars of global economic governance offers insights from a broad range of theoretical approaches to the central policy issues of the day"John Kirton (Director of the Global Governance Program, Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto)
Business Ethics from the 19th Century to Today
1. Labor Resists2. Early Nineteenth-Century Changes3. Examples of Mid-Nineteenth-Century Business Ethics in America4. Rise of Industrialization5. Ethics of the Firm and Strategic Behavior6. John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil7. Rise of the Big Retail Merchants8. Early Twentieth-Century Aspects9. Anxiety Over Product Safety10. Get-Rich-Quick and Ponzi Schemes11. Distributions of Income and Wealth12. What About the Children?13. Twenty-First-Century Situations
Business Ethics from Antiquity to the 19th Century
This book combines elements of economic and business history to study business ethics from antiquity to the nineteenth century. This book begins with so-called primitive people, showing how humans began to exchange goods and commodities from trade as a way to keep peace and prosper. The ancients considered the value and ethics of business, and many of their reflections influenced medieval Catholic thinkers and business participants. Protestants elevated working and profit-making to the respectable and virtuous, and some groups, such as Quakers, came to exemplify good business ethics.This book draws on the work of economists and historians to highlight the importance of changing technologies, religious beliefs, and cultural attitudes, showing that what is considered ethical differs across time and place.
The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crisis of 1992 and the Pound Sterling Crisis
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.7, University of Hamburg (Fakult瓣t f羹r Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften), course: W瓣hrungs- und Finanzkrisen, language: English, abstract: This short seminar paper introduces the theory and fundamentals as well as the history and mechanisms which led to the creation of the European Monetary System (EMS) and later the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It also follows the events culminating into the EMS' crisis in 1992 and the permanent departure of the United Kingdom from this system. With the introduction of the EMU and the expansion of the European Union (EU) in the early years of the new millennium, the question arises of whether it is advisable for the newer members to become part of the European Exchange Rate mechanism-II (ERM-II) which leads to the introduction of the Euro in the future. The scope of this work only allows for a very pinpoint answer for this very complex topic but is a first step into more comprehensive and detailed literature.
Africa’s Last Colonial Currency
Colonialism persists in many African countries due to the continuation of imperial monetary policy. This is the little-known account of the CFA Franc and economic imperialism.The CFA Franc was created in 1945, binding fourteen African states and split into two monetary zones. Why did French colonial authorities create it and how does it work? Why was independence not extended to monetary sovereignty for former French colonies? Through an exploration of the genesis of the currency and an examination of how the economic system works, the authors seek to answer these questions and more.As protests against the colonial currency grow, the need for myth-busting on the CFA Franc is vital and this expos矇 of colonial infrastructure proves that decolonisation is unfinished business.
Who Governs?
When we start to perceive that there is a problem in the market (such as monopoly, fraud or speculation), the legislature passes a law to correct it, a bureaucracy is created to interpret and enforce the new law, firms and other market participants comply, and the problem is solved. But is it? Are politicians' promises and textbooks' stories to be believed? This book examines US economic history to demonstrate how the applications of laws are uncertain, affected by changing political and economic conditions as well as by legislators' perceptions and the ability or willingness of bureaucracies to enforce laws. The two cases developed in this book revolve around William McChesney Martin, Jr., who helped apply (i) the 1930s Securities Acts as president of the New York Stock Exchange and (ii) the Federal Reserve Act in the Keynesian era unforeseen by that Act. As chairman of the New York Stock Exchange, Martin served as private regulator of firms listed on the Exchange--itself a publicly regulated entity. As chairman of the Federal Reserve, he then served as a public regulator. This book thus offers an innovative approach to understanding and examining the various issues and incentives facing each of the three parties: regulated, private regulator, and public regulator.
Strategic Policy Options for Bracing Nigeria for the Future of Trade
As the fourth industrial era evolves, the role of blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and machine learning in transforming national commerce cannot be overemphasized, especially with the expansion of e-commerce in Africa. In other words, technological advancement and innovation are becoming essential to many aspects of Nigerian businesses, thereby considerably enhancing trade and productivity. This book provides a primer on the role that digital technology may play in Nigeria's trade flows, and the implications for enabling an economy-wide deployment of digitization in trade facilitation. This book analyzes the importance of STI's contributions to the Nigerian economy, focusing on the transition to digital solutions and their potential to significantly increase trade and commerce. Since AfCFTA's 2018 launch, academic and political responses to the automation of business have increased. Further, business promotion, aid-for-trade, regional integration and trade facilitation issues are at the forefront of business development policy and intellectual discourse in Nigeria. This book details Nigeria's business opportunities, capacities and challenges with a special interest in sustainably enhancing the nation's business ecosystem in the digital age. Through the examination of trade facilitation policies, programs, tools, models and technologies, this book demonstrates Nigeria's need for strategic public-private partnership in digital trade to foster a more sustainable business future.
Guidelines for Preparing a Design and Monitoring Framework
These guidelines describe how a project-level design and monitoring framework should be developed and used throughout the project cycle for Asian Development Bank (ADB) sovereign operations and technical assistance projects. The design and monitoring framework is a key tool for project design, implementation, and evaluation, and provides the basis for ADB?s project performance management system. The guidelines are intended to help staff of ADB, government officers, consultants, project sponsors and borrowers, and other stakeholders prepare high-quality design and monitoring frameworks. They serve as an effective tool to ensure that ADB-financed projects contribute to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and Pacific region as envisaged in ADB?s Strategy 2030. For guidance specific to private sector operations, consult ADB?s Guidelines for Preparing and Using a Design and Monitoring Framework: Private Sector Operations.
Harmonizing Power Systems in the Greater Mekong Subregion
This publication identifies bottlenecks to regional power trading in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) and proposes solutions to overcome them. The six GMS countries are striving to ensure an adequate, reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy supply for all their citizens. Toward this, the GMS countries have identified power trading as a priority for regional cooperation. However, such trading currently represents less than 2% of electricity consumed in the GMS. This publication examines the regulatory and commercial barriers that are preventing a greater uptake of power trading in the region and identifies the key measures needed to overcome them.
Foreign Aid Reconsidered
A review of the theoretical debates around aid, providing a valuable resource for practitioners and students. Foreign aid has always been a controversial subject. Roger Riddell provides a rigorous analysis of the criticisms which are made against aid from all parts of the political and ideological spectrum, and examines in depth the moraland theoretical questions that are raised in the debate.
Guidebook for Deploying Distributed Renewable Energy Systems
This publication promotes the use of distributed renewable energy systems and presents lessons learned from the Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic Mini-Grid Project in Cobrador Island, Philippines. Affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all that meets environmental goals is central to global development and policy making. Access to electricity continues to improve in Asia and the Pacific, yet many rural areas lag behind due to challenges in the economic and financial viability of grid extensions. This publication discusses the advantages of distributed renewable energy systems as a solution. It also outlines techniques and tools to optimize renewable energy resources for off-grid electrification that can complement and supplement national energy plans and programs.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has set the course for the economy to reduce its dependence on oil by promoting new drivers of growth. This publication emphasizes the need for diversification, particularly in the agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. By 2025, under the Strategic Roads Maps of the Government of Azerbaijan, a more diversified economy should take shape led by these three sectors. Bold reforms need to strengthen areas of the economy that could otherwise impede this transition, and policy makers must resolutely stay on the reform path. The core message of the publication is diversification toward non-oil sources of growth alongside efforts to reduce macroeconomic risks and the high cost of finance, make the education system responsive to the needs of the labor market, close infrastructure gaps, and help economically significant state-owned enterprises become more efficient.
Der Einfluss von Social Media auf die Kapitalm瓣rkte
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 1,7, Universit瓣t Potsdam (Lehrstuhl f羹r Rechnungswesen & Wirtschaftspr羹fung im privaten und 繹ffentlichen Sektor), Veranstaltung: Current Issues in Accounting and Auditing, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Einfl羹sse sozialer Medien auf die Kapitalm瓣rkte zu skizzieren und einen ?berblick des aktuellen Forschungsstands zu vermitteln. Zu diesem Zweck werden zun瓣chst der theoretische Rahmen sozialer Medien im Kapitalmarktkontext aufgezeigt, grundlegende Begriffe definiert und Zusammenh瓣nge erkl瓣rt. Hierauf aufbauend werden die 繹konomischen Auswirkungen der Informationsverbreitung 羹ber soziale Medien und deren empirische Evidenz in der aktuellen Forschung herausgearbeitet und unter Einbezug einschl瓣giger Validit瓣tskriterien kritisch gew羹rdigt. Im Anschluss an ein Fazit folgen ein Ausblick und damit verbundene Implikationen f羹r die zuk羹nftige Forschung.
B繹rsenumsatzsteuer und Spekulationsgewinne. Sollte der Fiskus risikolos mitverdienen?
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 1,3, Universit瓣t Potsdam (Lehrstuhl f羹r Betriebswirtschaftslehre mit dem Schwerpunkt Finanzierung und Banken), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das F羹r und Wider einer steuerlichen Belastung von B繹rsenums瓣tzen zu er繹rtern. Zu diesem Zweck werden zun瓣chst die grunds瓣tzlichen Motivationen, Steuern zu erheben sowie deren zentrale Funktionen dargestellt. Anschlie?end wird der Terminus B繹rsenumsatzsteuer in seinen steuersystematischen Kontext eingeordnet und vor allem in Abgrenzung zur Finanzmarkttransaktionssteuer erl瓣utert. Im Anschluss an eine Betrachtung historischer Erfahrungen mit Kapitalverkehrssteuern, werden die Forderungen der Politik sowie die grundlegenden Motive der Bef羹rworter der Besteuerung von Finanzmarkttransaktionen aufgegriffen und die aktuelle Situation in der Europ瓣ischen Union geschildert. Dar羹ber hinaus werden die von der EU-Kommission avisierten Gestaltungsparameter der seit geraumer Zeit geplanten Steuer sowie das erwartete Steueraufkommen aufgezeigt. Hierauf aufbauend erfolgt die eigentliche Auseinandersetzung mit den aus einer Implementierung von Finanzmarkttransaktions- bzw. B繹rsenumsatzsteuern mutma?lich resultierenden Effekten. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen dabei die mannigfaltigen Ausweichreaktionen der Marktakteure, die mit dem Besteuerungskonzept in Verbindung gebracht werden. Au?erdem werden m繹gliche Auswirkungen auf den Derivatehandel und die Effizienz der Kapitalm瓣rkte gezeigt und die Steuer auf ihre Eignung, zur Pr瓣vention von Finanzmarktkrisen beizutragen, 羹berpr羹ft. Erg瓣nzt wird die Analyse um eine Auseinandersetzung mit den potenziellen Einfl羹ssen auf Steuergerechtigkeit, Verm繹gensverteilung und private Altersvorsorge. Ein abschlie?endes Fazit erfolgt unter Einbezug alternativer Ma?nahmen und gibt einen Ausblick in die Zukunft. Die Besteuerung von Finanzmarkttransaktionen ist immer wieder Gegenstand des politischen, gesellschaftl
Covid-19 und der Flug- und Passagierverkehr. Ein ?berblick 羹ber die Auswirkungen auf Passagieraufkommen, Flugzeugstarts und Flugh瓣fen
Akademische Arbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Verkehrs繹konomie, Note: 1,7, Universit瓣t Paderborn, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Hausarbeit wird der Ausbruch von Covid-19 und dessen Auswirkungen auf den weltweiten Flug- und Passagierverkehr verhandelt. Zun瓣chst wird ein kurzer zeitlicher ?berblick, was in den ersten Tagen und Wochen mit dem Ausbruch von Covid-19 passierte und welche ersten Entwicklungen und Auswirkungen das Virus weltweit mit sich brachte, gegeben. Hierzu wird auch die massive Bedrohung f羹r die Luftfahrt und Tourismusindustrie weltweit erw瓣hnt. Keine anderen Branchen sind weltweit so stark geschw瓣cht wie diese. Danach werden im ersten Teil die Entwicklungen und Auswirkungen auf den weltweiten Passagierverkehr dargestellt. Hierzu wird die Ver瓣nderungen der Passagierzahlen bei Lufthansa weltweit untersucht und ein Vergleich auf den zwei gr繹?ten europ瓣ischen Flugh瓣fen London Heathrow und Frankfurt gezogen. Ebenso wird aufgezeigt, wie sich der R羹ckgang der Passagierzahlen in Deutschland entwickelt hat. Im zweiten Teil werden die Flugzeugstarts und dessen Entwicklung weltweit analysiert. Hierzu werden einige Grafiken den massiven Einbruch der Flugzeugstarts von Januar bis September 2020 weltweit und im detailliert auf Deutschland, Singapur, China, Spanien und die USA eingehen. Ebenso spiegelt die ?bersicht der Lufthansa Flugzeugstarts den gravierenden Einbruch wieder im Vergleich zu den letzten zwei Kalenderjahren. Im Zuge der Passagierzahlen und Flugzeugstarts war es wichtig, im dritten Teil der Arbeit auch die Auswirkungen f羹r Flugh瓣fen kurz zu erl瓣utern. Da ohne diese Knotenpunkte weltweit gar kein Flugverkehr stattfinden k繹nnte und diese ma?geblich auch f羹r den reibungslosen Flugverkehr mit verantwortlich sind. Der letzte Teil wird daf羹r genutzt, um die wirtschaftlichen Flugstrecken und Destinationen aufzuzeigen, die sich innerhalb der Corona Pandemie gebildet haben und deren m繹gliche Hintergr羹nde zu analysieren und erl瓣utern. H
