E-Mobilit瓣t mit oder ohne die Brennstoffzelle?
Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Innovations繹konomik, Note: 1.0, Universit瓣t Leipzig (Professur f羹r Innovationsmanagement und Innovations繹konomik), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Der Verkehr der Zukunft kann aufgrund dringend ben繹tigter, aber auch strenger Klima- und Umweltschutzziele langfristig nicht mehr 羹ber fossile Brennstoffzelle erfolgen. Somit kommt emissionsfreier Mobilit瓣t - und damit speziell der Elektromobilit瓣t - bei der Verkehrswende weltweit eine Schl羹sselrolle zu. Wie die Elektromobilit瓣t jedoch k羹nftig ausgestaltet sein wird, ist bisher unklar. Das Ziel der Untersuchung ist daher, auf Basis von Innovations- und Gesch瓣ftsmodellaspekten herauszufinden, ob und inwiefern Elektromobilit瓣t mit oder ohne die Brennstoffzelle umgesetzt wird. Dar羹ber hinaus dient die Untersuchung der Identifizierung von Beweggr羹nden, die dazu f羹hrten, dass die deutsche Automobilindustrie das Thema deutlich sp瓣ter bearbeitet als ausgew瓣hlte Konkurrenten. Um die Forschungsfrage zu beantworten wurde eine qualitative Interviewstudie mit Branchenexperten durchgef羹hrt. Die Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass das Konzept der Elektromobilit瓣t ganzheitlich gedacht werden muss, wodurch Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge mit ber羹cksichtigt werden m羹ssen. Die Zukunft der Elektromobilit瓣t wird sich jedoch nicht auf Basis des Antriebs entscheiden, sondern aus Anwendungssicht. So gilt es f羹r jedes Fahrzeugsegment und insbesondere f羹r individuelle Kundenbed羹rfnisse zu entscheiden, inwiefern Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge sinnvoll sind. F羹r die deutschen Automobilkonzerne gilt es dar羹ber hinaus, der durch den Wandel bedingten und unaufhaltsamen Transformation zum einen mit Innovationen und ad瓣quaten, erg瓣nzenden Gesch瓣ftsmodellen zu begegnen. Dazu wurde das Business Model & Innovation Framework entwickelt. Auf der anderen Seite ist es unabdingbar, die gesamte Unternehmensorganisation und Denkweise auf diese Transformation auszurichten, um Technologievorspr羹nge und daraus resultierende Wettbewer
Impact of a structural total factor productivity slowdown on European Economic growth. Secular stagnation in the EU-15 countries and possible policy measures
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,5, Humboldt-University of Berlin, language: English, abstract: The aim of this thesis was to identify the background and determinants of the stagnating economic growth in the EU-15 countries and to evaluate whether the region has entered a secular stagnation. To this end, the inuence of a structural total factor productivity (TFP) slowdown on European economic growth was empirically examined. In order to obtain the results for this study, a logit panel regression was carried out with the EU-15 countries over the period from 1950 to 2017. It became particularly clear that the TFP slowdowns increased over the years while TFP upswings decreased. This tendency can mainly be attributed to a lack of human capital, too little intra-European cooperation, too many regulatory hurdles and too much employment in the services sector. These highly structural factors and their inuence on TFP growth and, ultimately, economic growth, demonstrate that the EU-15 countries have fallen into an economic stagnation dynamic that is strongly reminiscent of the model of secular stagnation. Only the way in which policymakers deal with the current pandemic will show how strong and protracted the current stagnation of economic growth will be.
Corporate Governance in South Asia
This report analyzes four core areas of corporate governance in South Asia in light of global trends and best practices. It assesses the necessary regulatory preconditions for strong financial and economic development. The four core areas analyzed are (i) corporate governance legal frameworks, (ii) board structure and board diversity, (iii) corporate governance of state-owned enterprises, and (iv) anti-money laundering and compliance. The findings are relevant for developing countries around the world, as corporate governance impacts evolving challenges such as the coronavirus disease pandemic, climate change, and sustainable global trade.
All-Wetter
Anstelle eines vorhersehbaren Leitfadens mit langwierigen Ratschl瓣gen, die von den meisten B羹chern 羹ber Investments und Finanzen herausgegeben werden, bietet das Buch eine am羹sante, schnelle Reise durch die heutige Investmentwelt. Es findet sich darin ein faszinierender und zug瓣nglicher Ansatz f羹r Geldanlageentscheidungen und nachhaltige, langfristige Anlage-Renditen. Das "All-Wetter" Portfolio ist eine M繹glichkeit, diese Art der produktiven Anlageerlebnisse zu schaffen. Anleger k繹nnen ihre Anlageziele zuverl瓣ssiger erreichen, wenn sie einen Mix von Anlageklassen halten, der ausgewogen ist, um in jedem wirtschaftlichen Umfeld eine gute Rendite zu erzielen. Solche Portfolios k繹nnen dazu beitragen, unabh瓣ngig vom wirtschaftlichen Klima den Wohlstand im Laufe der Zeit stetig zu steigern, ohne hohe Schwankungsbreiten bef羹rchten zu m羹ssen. So kann eine Mischung von Verm繹genswerten (Anlageklassen) zusammengestellt werden, welche ausgewogen genug ist, um sich mit der Zeit gut zu entwickeln und gleichzeitig vor unakzeptablen Verlusten sch羹tzt. Auf dem Weg dorthin werden Sie durch jeden Schritt des Prozesses gef羹hrt und erfahren, wie Sie Ihr All-Wetter Portfolio einrichten und laufend warten. Zu den behandelten Themen geh繹rt alles von der Zusammenstellung der Anlage-Klassen (Asset-Mix) und der Rendite der Verm繹gensklassen bis hin zu einzelnen Investments und der Vermeidung von Risiken und Fehlern des Investierens. Die All-Wetter Strategie deckt eine Vielzahl von guten, weniger guten, schlechten und desastr繹sen M瓣rkten ab und behauptet sich in diesen unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Umfeldern 羹berdurchschnittlich gut. Das Buch soll Ihnen zeigen: .) Wie robuste Renditen in jedem wirtschaftlichen Umfeld erzielt und bessere Geldanlage-Entscheidungen getroffen werden .) Eine gute Wachstumsrate zu erzielen, die Ihre Verm繹genswerte im Laufe der Zeit stetig erweitern kann, ohne zu riskant zu sein .) Wie man Fehler und Risiken des Investierens und riskante Investitionen vermeide
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in Viet Nam
This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (41R) on the future of the job market in Viet Nam. It assesses how jobs, tasks, and skills are being transformed, particularly in logistics and agro-processing. These two industries are important for the country's employment, economic growth, and international competitiveness and are also highly relevant for 4IR technologies. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Come Investire Nelle Criptovalute
Criptovaluta, Bitcoin, OIM, blockchain, mining ... Quando si sentivano queste parole solo un paio di anni fa, la gente diceva: - ? una truffa, una bolla finanziaria. - Non ha senso investire, il prezzo 癡 troppo basso.- Il paese non riconoscer? mai la criptovaluta. - ? un ovvio schema piramidale. - ? una sorta di divertimento per i nerd. Fino a poco tempo fa, la criptovaluta era vista come una sorta di divertimento per una manciata di prescelti che compravano e vendevano qualcosa e credevano che una nuova valuta avrebbe sfondato un giorno! Sicuramente eri anche tu tra quelle persone che non prendevano sul serio Bitcoin e criptovaluta, ma gli eventi attuali hanno imbavagliato anche i pi羅 grandi scettici. Il prezzo attuale del Bitcoin 癡 di $32.644. Il prezzo della criptovaluta pi羅 popolare supera ripetutamente tutti i record impensabili. La capitalizzazione 癡 di circa $620 miliardi. Le pi羅 grandi economie del mondo - India e Giappone - hanno riconosciuto Bitcoin come valuta ufficiale. Le autorit? statunitensi hanno riconosciuto la criptovaluta come asset. E questo 癡 solo l`inizio. Il mercato delle criptovalute sta cambiando estremamente rapidamente ed 癡 quasi impossibile monitorare la situazione e prendere le decisioni giuste da solo. La maggior parte delle persone non ha esperienza, tempo e denaro per farlo. Il mio libro fornisce informazioni di base ma piuttosto ampie per quelle persone che non inseguono un arcobaleno ma vogliono costruire un`attivit? redditizia a lungo termine in una delle aree delle criptovalute: dal mining agli investimenti. Quindi, questo libro non tratta di modi illegali di fare soldi. Loda la criptovaluta e ti spinge ad investire in essa fino all`ultimo centesimo. Questo libro ti aiuter? ad imparare quanto segue: - quale modo di fare soldi nel mercato delle criptovalute ti si addice meglio; - da dove dovresti iniziare se hai solo $500; - quali informazioni sulla criptovaluta gli esperti nascondono (togliti gli occhiali color rosa!); - come elaborare una strategia personale; - impostare la propria attivit? di criptovaluta e guadagnare i primi $3.000-10.000. Posso anche garantire che: - Individua il principale trend valutario attuale anche se non hai idea di economia, finanza e tecnologia. - Capisci se vuoi davvero investire in criptovaluta (forse, questo tipo di attivit? non ti si addice affatto e risparmierai tempo). - Impari a controllare i rischi e non investire nella prima valuta disponibile. Considerata la mia esperienza, ti proteggerai da possibili fallimenti e non butterai soldi al vento che inevitabilmente accadr? se si diventa ottusi e ciechi. Pertanto, il mio obiettivo 癡 abbastanza semplice: aiutarti a creare e sviluppare attivit? in una delle aree delle criptovalute. Scoprirai 7 strategie di investimento in criptovaluta + 2 strategie perfette oggi!
OECD Economic Surveys: Poland 2020
COVID-19 has hit the Polish society and its economy hard, even if to a lesser extent than other European countries. Employment has declined and public debt has increased abruptly, which will make it more challenging to solve long-term issues, such as the low productivity of some workers, weak environmental outcomes and rising ageing costs.
OECD Economic Surveys: United Kingdom 2020
Like many countries, the United Kingdom has been hit severely by the COVID-19 outbreak. A strict lockdown was essential to contain the pandemic but halted activity in many key sectors. While restrictions have eased, the country now faces a prolonged period of disruption to activity and jobs, which risks exacerbating pre-existing weak productivity growth, inequalities, child poverty and regional disparities. On-going measures to prevent a second wave of infections will need to be carefully calibrated to manage the economic impact.
OECD Economic Surveys: Brazil 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe human suffering and triggered a deep recession in Brazil. Economic policies reacted in a timely and decisive manner to the crisis, supporting millions of Brazilians. But a strong and inclusive recovery from the recession will require long-lasting improvements in economic policies. Improving fiscal outcomes remains one of Brazil's principal challenges given a high debt burden, to which the pandemic has added significantly. Public spending will need to become more efficient, including by building on past progress in the fight against corruption and economic crimes. Social protection can be strengthened through a better focus on the most effective policies and benefits, which could allow significant reductions in inequality and poverty. Stronger growth will hinge on raising productivity, which has been virtually stagnant for decades. This requires addressing underlying policy challenges, including reducing regulatory burdens, reforming taxes, strengthening judicial efficiency and fostering a stronger integration into the global economy. Raising productivity implies reallocations and structural changes in the economy, which should be accompanied by well-designed training and education policies. Training with a strong focus on local skill demand can help workers master the transition and seize new opportunities to move into better jobs.
OECD Economic Surveys: Greece 2020
Greece's economy had been expanding by nearly 2% for over three years before the COVID-19 shock. Structural reforms, high primary budget surpluses and debt measures underpinned Greece's recovery and rising confidence. Then the COVID-19 pandemic struck, abruptly interrupting the recovery and adding new challenges to raising inclusiveness, competitiveness and growth.
OECD Economic Surveys: Lithuania 2020
Lithuania's economy is performing strongly and converging fast towards the most-developed OECD countries, driven by growing exports and investments and supported by a sound macroeconomic framework as well as a friendly business climate. For the first time since renewed independence, more people are settling in the country than leaving it. The peak of the COVID-19 crisis was one of the mildest in Europe, thanks to a well-functioning health system, effective containment measures and a relatively short lockdown. Yet prosperity is unevenly distributed across people and places. Further reform could help sustain achievements to date. Providing adequate income support for the needy, especially the elderly, and high quality social services, while improving integration into the labour market, could help reduce poverty. Stronger local and regional institutions, better education and skills particularly in rural areas and a more flexible housing market could make regional development more balanced. Finally, strengthening the regulatory framework, reducing the scope of state-owned enterprises and moving towards a low-carbon economy will help raise productivity while ensuring resilient and sustainable growth.
Sovereign Debt Diplomacies
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Sovereign Debt Diplomacies aims to revisit the meaning of sovereign debt in relation to colonial history and postcolonial developments. It offers three main contributions. The first contribution is historical. The volume historicises a research field that has so far focused primarily on the post-1980 years. A focus on colonial debt from the 19th century building of colonial empires to the decolonisation era in the 1960s-70s fills an important gap in recent debt historiographies. Economic historians have engaged with colonialism only reluctantly or en passant, giving credence to the idea that colonialism is not a development that deserves to be treated on its own. This has led to suboptimal developments in recent scholarship. The second contribution adds a 'law and society' dimension to studies of debt. The analytical payoff of the exercise is to capture the current developments and functional limits of debt contracting and adjudication in relation to the long-term political and sociological dynamics of sovereignty. Finally, Sovereign Debt Diplomacies imports insights from, and contributes to the body of research currently developed in the Humanities under the label 'colonial and postcolonial studies'. The emphasis on 'history from below' and focus on 'subaltern agency' usefully complement the traditional elite-perspective on financial imperialism favoured by the British school of empire history.
Government and Merchant Finance in Anglo-Gascon Trade, 1300-1500
Provides a plethora of quantitative primary source evidence that is neither previously published nor analyzedCompiles a more extensive dataset of Gascon commodity prices (wine, wheat, precious metals) than has previously been availableShowcases exchange rates between the pound sterling and local money of Bordeaux, unused fifteenth century ducal mint records, and from Bordeaux's customs books over 3,500 records of commercial transactionsExpands on subjects such as merchant credit, capital investment, and risk management
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in Cambodia
This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of Cambodia's job market, particularly in tourism and garment manufacturing as the top two industries with the largest employment in the country. These two industries are likely to benefit from the transformational effect of 4IR, if there is adequate investment in jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in High-Growth Industries in Southeast Asia
This publication explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of jobs, skills, and training in Southeast Asia, particularly for high growth industries in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam. It is part of the series of reports that provides recommendations to strengthen policies, skills, and training as well as new approaches, strategies, and actions to enhance the readiness of each country?s workforce for 4IR.
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in the Philippines
This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the future of the job market in the Philippines, with a focus on information technology-business process outsourcing and electronics manufacturing. These two industries have high relevance to 4IR technologies and are important to the country?s employment, growth, and international competitiveness. They are likely to benefit from the transformational effect of 4IR if there is adequate investment on jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Reaping the Benefits of Industry 4.0 through Skills Development in Indonesia
This report explores the implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the job market in Indonesia, where digital technologies are shaping the future of the food and beverage and automotive manufacturing industries. These two industries have high relevance to 4IR technologies and are important to Indonesia's national employment, economic growth, and international competitiveness. They are also likely to benefit considerably from the transformational effect of 4IR if there is adequate investment in jobs, skills, and training. The report is part of series developed from an Asian Development Bank study on trends in skills demand in Cambodia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam.
Erfolgsaussichten und Risiken von E-Scootern im urbanen Raum. Die Gro?st瓣dte Berlin und Hamburg im Vergleich
Wir befinden uns in einem Umbruch der Mobilit瓣t. Mit Sicht auf die wachsende Zahl von Stadtbewohnern und deren Bed羹rfnisse nach r瓣umlicher Fortbewegung kann das Auto kein Statussymbol mehr darstellen. F羹r zuk羹nftige Mobilit瓣t werden daher neue Energieinfrastrukturen und Mobilit瓣tskonzepte notwendig. Seit dem Jahr 2019 sind auch f羹hrerscheinfreie E-Scooter f羹r den Stra?enverkehr zugelassen. Welche gesetzlichen Regelungen gelten f羹r diese Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge? Worin unterscheiden sich die drei f羹hrenden Sharing-Anbieter? Welche Faktoren beeinflussen den Sharing-Betrieb von E-Scootern? Bj繹rn Gro? untersucht die Potentiale und Grenzen der Sharing-Angebote f羹r E-Scooter im urbanen Raum. Er stellt insbesondere die Mobilit瓣tskonzepte der Gro?st瓣dte Berlin und Hamburg einander gegen羹ber und zeigt nachhaltige Umsetzungsm繹glichkeit f羹r eine optimierte Integration von E-Scootern auf. Aus dem Inhalt: - Nachhaltigkeit; - Verkehrsentlastung; - Emissionen; - Digitale Integration; - Mobilit瓣tskonzept; - Erneuerbare Energien; - Akkutauschstationen
Unternehmenskrisen. Auswirkung auf die Regulierung und ?berwachung von Unternehmen
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich BWL - Review of Business Studies, Note: 2,5, Hochschule Reutlingen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wenn man die Reaktion Europas und der Vereinigten Staaten vergleicht, inwieweit haben die gro?en Unternehmenskrisen und -zusammenbr羹che der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte und die daraus resultierenden Gesetze und Vorschriften f羹r Unternehmen, insbesondere im Bereich der Rechnungslegung und des Finanzsektors, das System verbessert? Welche Herausforderungen gab es bei der Umsetzung dieser Vorschriften und welche Erfolge wurden erzielt? In dieser Arbeit werden insbesondere drei Unternehmenskrisen untersucht, die Enron-, WorldCom- und Lehman Brothers-Skandale und die daraus resultierenden Gesetze, dem Sarbanes-Oxley Act im Jahr 2002, der Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform und Consumer Protection Act im Jahr 2010, die speziell auf Basel III ausgerichteten Baseler Rahmenwerke und die Einrichtung der Europ瓣ischen Aufsichtsbeh繹rden. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die Art und Weise, wie Unternehmen ihre Gesch瓣fte betreiben und wie Unternehmen reguliert werden, grundlegend ver瓣ndert. Dies ist in erster Linie auf die Vielzahl von Unternehmenskrisen zur羹ckzuf羹hren, die Unternehmen getroffen haben, und auf die Reaktion der Regierungen weltweit, um sicherzustellen, dass sich dies nicht wiederholt. Wenn man die Unternehmenskrisen untersucht, die zu einer Zunahme der Regulierungen f羹hrten, sie sind diejenigen, die einen Mangel an Transparenz oder die ?bernahme eines noch nie da gewesenen Risikos mit sich bringen. Nachdem sie die Auswirkungen dieser Unternehmenskrisen auf die Wirtschaft gesehen hatten, reagierten die Regierungen mit der Verabschiedung von Gesetzen, die die Ursachen der Krisen beheben sollten.
Stochastic Discounted Cash Flow
This open access book discusses firm valuation, which is of interest to economists, particularly those working in finance. Firm valuation comes down to the calculation of the discounted cash flow, often only referred to by its abbreviation, DCF. There are, however, different coexistent versions, which seem to compete against each other, such as entity approaches and equity approaches. Acronyms are often used, such as APV (adjusted present value) or WACC (weighted average cost of capital), two concepts classified as entity approaches.This book explains why there are several procedures and whether they lead to the same result. It also examines the economic differences between the methods and indicates the various purposes they serve. Further it describes the limits of the procedures and the situations they are best applied to. The problems this book addresses are relevant to theoreticians and practitioners alike.
Localising Leadership
'Localising Leadership' provides an invaluable reference point for senior executives or those striving towards a successful cross-border career, to understand how cultural differences impact upon leadership styles and practices. Each semester, we publish a report on our quantitative survey-based global study, alongside our review of extant in-country leadership literature, preferably written by local scholars and professionals in their native language. Moreover, we attempt to empirically validate these findings by conducting expert interviews with native specialists. This new issue of our ongoing leadership series presents country-specific analyses of culturally endorsed leadership practices and styles in the following countries: Bangladesh, Brunei, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Macau, Malta, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Saint Martin, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. This publication contains contributions from around 100 researchers from sixteen countries who participated in the Cross-Cultural Business Skills elective offered by the Part-time Academy of the Faculty of Business and Economics at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (HvA).
A Study of Women’s Role in Irrigated Agriculture in the Lower Vaksh River Basin, Tajikistan
The study examined women's roles and gender gaps in land operation and farming, labor arrangements in agriculture and water management, and feminization of agriculture in the Lower Vaksh River Basin in Tajikistan.The study was part of the Strengthening Gender-Inclusive Growth in Central and West Asia project supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The study findings will improve understanding of the situation so as to inform the ADB grant-financed project in modernizing irrigation and drainage systems in the Lower Vaksh River Basin. It reinforces the need for gender inclusiveness in planning and designing irrigation and drainage projects, ensuring benefits for all.
Assessing the Potential of Trade Along the Proposed Shymkent-Tashkent-Khujand Economic Corridor Development
This report covers the review and assessment of trade in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan along with the potential for development of the proposed Shymkent-Tashkent-Khujand Economic Corridor (STKEC). The assessment explores the transit of international goods in cities and oblasts (administrative divisions or regions) in STKEC and and trade regimes in the three countries. The report also identifies and analyzes existing barriers and opportunities for trade expansion. It provides recommendations for various stakeholders on policy measures for improvement under the framework of the STKEC development.
Die Geldpolitik der Europ瓣ischen Zentralbank. Auswirkungen auf private Haushalte, Mieten und Immobilien
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich VWL - Geldtheorie, Geldpolitik, Note: 2,00, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Ziel dieser Projektarbeit ist, die Auswirkungen der geldpolitischen Ma?nahmen der Europ瓣ischen Zentralbank auf die privaten Haushalte, Mieten und Immobilien n瓣her zu beleuchten. Neben einer theoretischen Aufbereitung dieses Themas wird versucht, in einer eingehenden Analyse das Verhalten der privaten Haushalte n瓣her zu erl瓣utern und sich einen ?berblick 羹ber die derzeitige Situation am Immobilienmarkt und den Bereich der Mieten zu verschaffen. Man versucht ein m繹gliches mittelfristiges Zukunftsszenario zu entwerfen. Europa steckt in der Krise. Hohe Jugendarbeitslosigkeit, mangelnde Strukturma?nahmen, drohender Wettbewerbsverlust in manchen L瓣ndern sowie hohe Staatsschulden. Europas Wirtschaft leidet. Drohende Strafz繹lle von Seiten der USA belasten die Stimmung noch mehr. Viele Experten warnen bereits vor einem m繹glichen Handelskrieg mit den Vereinigten Staaten. Der Euroraum ist gepr瓣gt durch eine momentane niedrige Inflationsrate. Die Angst vor einer m繹glichen Deflation geht um. Die Europ瓣ische Zentralbank versucht mit allen Mitteln die Inflation anzuheizen und pumpt gro?e Geldmengen in das System. Leider mit bisher wenig Erfolg.
Common features und Europ瓣ische Integration. Die EU und die Ausweitung der W瓣hrungsunion
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2008 im Fachbereich VWL - Makro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,7, Universit瓣t Osnabr羹ck, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Seminararbeit testet empirisch mithilfe des "Common features"-Tests, ob Konjunkturzyklen von EU-Mitgliedstaaten kointegriert sind. Durch den Beitritt Maltas und Zypern sowie durch den Beitritt Sloweniens ein Jahr davor geh繹ren nun erstmals seit der EU-Osterweiterung im Jahr 2004 wieder die Mehrzahl der EU-L瓣nder zur EWU. Das macht das Ausma? der W瓣hrungsunion auf das wirtschaftliche Geschehen in Europa deutlich. Die W瓣hrungsunion ist ein Meilenstein im europ瓣ischen Integrationsprozess und hat vor allem nicht zuletzt durch die Aufgabe einer eigenen Geldpolitik durch die Mitgliedsl瓣nder weit reichende Konsequenzen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen zuerst diese Folgen in Abschnitt 2 beschrieben werden. Des Weiteren soll diskutiert werden, unter welchen Voraussetzungen die positiven Effekte die Kosten einer W瓣hrungsunion 羹berwiegen k繹nnten. Abschnitt 3 soll diese Voraussetzungen dann mithilfe eines empirischen Tests, des "common features"- Tests, 羹berpr羹fen. Dabei wird die Testmethodik zuerst anhand eines beispielhaften L瓣nderpaares erl瓣utert, um danach aus einer Sch瓣tzung mit einer gro?en L瓣ndergruppe Ergebnisse zu gewinnen. Anschlie?end folgt eine Beurteilung dieser Ergebnisse. Ferner soll Abschnitt 3 einen kurzen ?berblick 羹ber bisher ver繹ffentlichte Literatur zum Thema "common features" geben und gleichzeitig die vorgestellten Testergebnisse mit denen aus der Literatur vergleichen. Abschnitt 4 fasst schlussendlich die Ergebnisse zusammen und soll zudem eine kritische W羹rdigung des "common features"- Tests vornehmen, um seine Aussagekraft f羹r die vorgenommene Sch瓣tzung zu beurteilen
States of Fragility 2020
States of Fragility 2020 sets a policy agenda for fragility at a critical turning point: the final countdown on Agenda 2030 is at hand, and the pandemic has reversed hard-fought gains. This report examines fragility as a story in two parts: the global state of fragility that existed before COVID-19, and the dramatic impact the pandemic is having on that landscape.
Inflationsziel der EZB. Verbraucherpreise und Verm繹genspreise im Fokus
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,0, Hochschule Coburg (FH), Veranstaltung: Wirtschaftspolitik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der Seminararbeit wird untersucht, ob die aktuelle Zielvorgabe EZB hinsichtlich der Preisstabilit瓣t in der Eurozone noch zeitgem瓣? ist und L繹sungsans瓣tze diskutiert. Am 1. Januar 1999 羹bernahm die EZB die Verantwortung f羹r die Geldpolitik im Euro-W瓣hrungsgebiet mit dem vorrangigen Ziel, die Preisstabilit瓣t zu gew瓣hren. Konkretisiert wurde im Jahr 2003, dass bei der Verfolgung dieses Ziels die Bestrebung besteht, die Teuerungsrate gemessen am HVPI im Eurogebiet mittelfristig unter, aber nahe zwei Prozent zu halten. Trotz extremer Zinssenkungen, wurde dieses oberste Ziel in den letzten sieben Jahren durch die EZB nicht mehr nachhaltig erreicht. Um die negativen Auswirkungen auf wirtschaftliche Entwicklung einzud瓣mmen, nutzte daher die EZB bereits ab 2015 nach der Finanz- und Staatsschuldenkrise sowie in der aktuellen Corona-Pandemie auch unkonventionelle geldpolitische Instrumente, wie den massiven Kauf von Staats- und Unternehmensanleihen. Hierdurch wurde die EZB in der ?ffentlichkeit stark kritisiert, da die Skeptiker durch die Staatsanleihek瓣ufe eine indirekte Staatsfinanzierung sehen, was aber gegen den Grundsatz der Unabh瓣ngigkeit der EZB sprechen w羹rde. Die Richter des Bundesgerichtshofes urteilten zwar im Mai 2020, dass die EZB die Auswirkungen dieser Ma?nahmen nicht auf Ihre Verh瓣ltnism瓣?igkeit gepr羹ft hatte, allerdings stellten Sie die Anleihek瓣ufe nicht grunds瓣tzlich in Frage. Da nur der unmittelbare Erwerb von Schuldtiteln f羹r die EZB verboten ist, nicht aber die durchgef羹hrten K瓣ufe am Sekund瓣rmarkt und sich die EZB jederzeit frei entscheiden konnte, in welcher H繹he die Anleihen gekauft werden, ist auch nach Ansicht von ?konomen die Kontrolle 羹ber die Geldbasis jederzeit gew瓣hrleistet. Doch auch diese Ma?nahmen brachten bislang nicht den gew羹nschten Anstieg der Verbraucherpreise au
After the Accord
In this book Garbade, a former analyst at a primary dealer and researcher at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, traces the evolution of open market operations, Treasury debt management, and the microstructure of the US government securities markets following the 1951 Treasury-Federal Reserve. This volume examines how these operations evolved, responding both to external forces and to one another. Utilising a vast scope of primary material, the work provides insight into how officials fashioned the instruments, facilities, and procedures needed to advance their policy objectives in light of their novel freedoms and responsibilities. Students and scholars of macroeconomics, financial regulation, and the history of central banking and the Federal Reserve will find this volume a welcome addition to Garbade's earlier studies of Treasury debt operations during World War I, the 1920s, and the Great Depression and since 1983.
Gender and Family in Japan
Part I Perspective on the History of Women and Family in Japanese Economic Development1 The Labour Market and Labour Migration in Small Post Towns in Early Modern Japan: The Relationship between a Town and its Outlying Villages in the Northeastern Domain of Nihonmatsu in the Eighteenth to Nineteenth CenturiesMiyuki Takahashi 2 Economic Development and Labour Supply in Underdeveloped Regions: An Analysis of the Labour Supply of Domestic Servants in Northern Akita Prefecture, Japan, 1910-1924Masahiro Ogiyama3 Childrearing Methods and Decreased Growth: An Examination of Infant Health in the Farming Communities of Taishō Japan (1912-1926)Kazunori Murakoshi4 Changes in Female Height and Age of Menarche in Modern Japan, 1870s-1980s: Reconsideration of Living Standards during the Interwar PeriodKen'ichi Tomobe Part II Book Reviews5 Review of Satomi Kurosu (ed.), Rekishi Jinkōgaku kara mita Kekkon, Rikon, Saikon (Marriage, Divorce and Re-marriage from the Perspective of Historical Demography) Motoyasu Takahashi6 Review of Chikako Katō, Kindai Nihon no Kokumin Tōgō to Jendā (National Integration and Gender in Modern JapanKazue Enoki7 Review of Hiroko Nagano and Yūko Matsumoto (ed.) Jendāshi Sōsho 6 Keizai to Shōhi Shakai (Gender History Series, Vol. 6: Consumer Society and the Economy)Manabu Ozeki8 Review of Toshiko Himeoka, Mayuho Hasegawa, et al., Jendā (Kindai Yōroppa no Tankyū 11)(Gender: In Search of Modern Europe 11)Nobuko OkudaIndex
Local Governance and Regional Development
Local governance and regional development are key concepts for socioeconomic development of countries. With the increase in urbanization after the Industrial Revolution, success in local governance and balanced regional development has become even more important for the increase of overall welfare. This book provides up-to-date information about regional development and local governance.
Economic Indicators for Southeast Asia and the Pacific
This report contains the latest estimates of inputoutput tables for Southeast Asia and the Pacific and a more comprehensive range of statistics relevant to analyzing production, trade, and interrelations between firms, industries, and economy sectors in the region.It is an update of the Economic Indicators for Southeastern Asia and the Pacific: Input-Output Tables published in 2018. The tables and indicators presented are derived from the Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables database maintained by the Asian Development Bank. The reports serve as key resources for understanding dynamic trade and production linkages in regional economy, providing analytical support for data-driven decision-making and policy implementation.
Das Elektroauto als Innovation in Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft. Eine disruptive Innovation
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Innovations繹konomik, Note: 1,3, Hochschule Fresenius; Hamburg (Wirtschaft & Medien), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu analysieren, ob es sich beim Elektroauto um eine disruptive Technologie handelt. In der heutigen Zeit ist die Mobilit瓣t mehr als nur die reine Beweglichkeit, welche im Lateinischen als "mobilis" bezeichnet wird. Sie kann in unserer Gesellschaft eher als ein menschliches Grundbed羹rfnis verstanden werden und dient den Menschen vorrangig dazu, an pers繹nlichen und wirtschaftlichen Austauschprozessen teilzunehmen. Die Mobilit瓣t und somit der Erfolg von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft wird durch den Verkehr sichergestellt, welcher wiederum die Daseinsberechtigung f羹r das Automobil und die Automobilbranche bildet. Vor allem aber war der Verbrennungsmotor des Autos als technisches Herzst羹ck entscheidend, welcher einen Gr繹?en Anteil an diesen Erfolgen hatte und somit die Wirtschafts- und Siedlungsstrukturen in den letzten 100 Jahren ma?geblich pr瓣gte. Dabei sieht sich eben diese Technologie derzeitig mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl an Problemen konfrontiert, welche die Existenzgrundlage des Verbrennungsmotors immer weiter bedrohen. Die Probleme des Verbrennungsmotors zeigen sich am deutlichsten in den sogenannten Mega-Cities der Erde. Die hier vorherrschende Belastung durch Emissionen und deren Folgen, das Ende der ?ra des billigen ?ls und eine hohe Siedlungsdichte, welche wiederum ein zu hohes Verkehrsaufkommen sowie den Mangel an Parkraum nach sich zieht, sorgen in der Summe daf羹r, dass der Automobilmarkt zuk羹nftig gezwungen ist, sich vom fossilen Energiezeitalter abzukapseln. Damit dieses gelingen kann, r羹ckt zunehmend das Thema Innovationen in den Fokus der Automobilindustrie. Auff瓣llig ist beim Thema Innovationen, dass diese mittlerweile in fast jeder Branchen den Stellenwert eines zentralen Wettbewerbsfaktors erreicht haben. In Zuge dieser Entwicklung sieht sich die Automobilindust
Economic Indicators for South and Central Asia
This report contains the latest estimates of input-output tables for South and Central Asia and a more comprehensive range of statistics relevant to analyzing production, trade, and interrelations between firms, industries, and economy sectors in the region. It is an update of the Economic Indicators for South and Central Asia: Input-Output Tables published in 2018. The tables and indicators presented are derived from the Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables database maintained by the Asian Development Bank. The reports serve as key resources for understanding dynamic trade and production linkages in regional economy, providing analytical support for data-driven decision-making and policy implementation.
Einflussfaktoren auf das Gehalt eines Angestellten. Analyse anhand des Datensatz wage2
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Statistik und Methoden, Note: 1,0, FOM Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, M羹nchen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Veranstaltung: Wissenschaftliche Methoden - quantitative Datenanalyse, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit besch瓣ftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, welche Faktoren sich auf das Gehalt eines Angestellten auswirken. Die Untersuchung geschieht auf Basis des Datensatzes "wage2". Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, m繹gliche Einflussfaktoren auf das Einkommen eines Angestellten zu identifizieren. Auf die Frage hin, was Angestellte motiviert, antwortet jeder Dritte mit einem hohen Gehalt. Mitarbeiter bilden sich fort, zeigen Motivation oder andere Anstrengungen, um eine h繹here Entlohnung zu erhalten. Die Frage, die sich daher stellt, ist: Was muss unternommen werden, um ein h繹heres Gehalt zu erhalten? Nach einer Einf羹hrung in die Thematik folgt die Vorstellung des Datensatzes "wage2". Anschlie?end werden die Ergebnisse des Datensatzes analysiert und interpretiert. Dies erfolgt sowohl nach der einfachen linearen Regressionsanalyse, sowie der multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse. Der Datensatz wage2 aus dem Paket "wooldridge" umfasst insgesamt 935 Beobachtungen mit 17 Variablen. Der Datensatz bietet, aufgrund der verschiedenen Variablen, die M繹glichkeiten, Einflussfaktoren auf das monatliche Gehalt eines Angestellten zu analysieren. Die Personen waren zum Zeitpunkt der Beobachtung zwischen 28 und 38 Jahren alt.
Economic Indicators for East Asia
This report contains the latest estimates of inputoutput tables for East Asia and a more comprehensive range of statistics relevant to analyzing production, trade, and interrelations between firms, industries, and economy sectors in the region.It is an update of the published in 2018. The tables and indicators presented are derived from the Multi-Regional Input-Output Tables database maintained by the Asian Development Bank. The reports serve as key resources for understanding dynamic trade and production linkages in regional economy, providing analytical support for data-driven decision-making and policy implementation.
Asian Water Development Outlook 2020
The Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO) assesses national water security across the Asia and the Pacific, with a focus on five key dimensions: rural, economic, urban, environmental, and water-related disaster. Despite considerable achievements in the region since the AWDO 2013 edition, 1.5 billion people in rural areas and 0.6 billion in urban areas still lack adequate water supply and sanitation. Sound water management and access to reliable service delivery remain vital to inclusive economic growth and social well-being, especially after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. AWDO 2020 includes two new sections highlighting the importance of finance and governance to water security as well as case studies demonstrating how the AWDO has influenced policy development in four countries.
Asian Development Outlook 2020 Update
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt global economic activity, developing Asia's gross domestic product is now expected to contract by 0.7% in 2020. GDP is projected to grow by 6.8% in 2021. This is the region's first recession in nearly 6 decades. Excluding high-income newly industrialized economies, regional GDP is expected to contract by 0.5% this year before growing by 7.2% next year. Softening demand and subdued food prices will keep inflation benign. The inflation forecast is revised down from 3.2% to 2.9% for 2020 and maintained at 2.3% for 2021. The threat of a prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and a return to more stringent containment measures is the main risk to the outlook. While economies in developing Asia remain resilient, continued policy support is needed to underpin recovery. Physical and mental health is vital to post-pandemic recovery. The report's theme chapter explores wellness, or the pursuit of holistic health and well-being. It examines the state of wellness in Asia and the Pacific and its growing role in the region's economy. It discusses how policy makers can promote wellness by creating healthy living environments, encouraging physical activity and healthy diets, and enhancing workplace wellness.
Teorie economiche del Novecento. Dall’inizio del secolo a Sraffa
Finalmente torna disponibile un classico della storia del pensiero economico sul quale si sono formate generazioni di economisti e di studenti di economia.Nella sua analisi delle teorie di pensiero economico nate a cavallo fra l'Ottocento e il Novecento, Napoleoni ripercorre un filone che, partendo da Walras, Pareto, Marshall e Fisher ha cercato di costruire una visione del processo economico sostanzialmente in antitesi con la visione "classica". All'interno di questa linea, le posizioni critiche pi羅 rilevanti (quelle di Schumpeter, di Keynes, dei teorici della concorrenza imperfetta) hanno allargato il quadro teorico per renderlo pi羅 adeguato alla complessa realt? delle economie moderne. I problemi di queste economie sono presenti, nella trattazione di Napoleoni, attraverso la descrizione delle esperienze di politica economica e di pianificazione, sia dei sistemi capitalistici, sia delle economie sottosviluppate, sia dei sistemi ad economia centralizzata. Il volume di Napoleoni, gi? ai tempi della sua prima pubblicazione, manifestava una tendenza a riprendere impostazioni e concetti la cui prima origine era da trovarsi nel pensiero classico: si trattava di un mutamento appena agli inizi, ma che rappresentava l'aspetto pi羅 importante della teoria economica dell'epoca. Un libro antesignano, ancora attualissimo.
Handbook on Microgrids for Power Quality and Connectivity
This handbook serves as a guide to evaluate the feasibility of microgrid systems. It also provides information on microgrids for urban and industrial applications, considering current technological pathways and power system structures.Microgrids are poised to play a big role in the electricity ecosystem of the future-with decarbonization, digitalization, decentralization, and non-wires solutions being key attributes. The handbook will assist those working in the energy sector to evaluate a microgrid systems potential to enhance power supply quality and connectivity. It will also contribute to a better understanding about on-grid microgrids in urban and industrial settings, prevailing business models, and emerging trends that could shape the future of this sector.
An Actuarial Model for Costing Universal Health Coverage in Armenia
The report focuses on the development and operationalization of an actuarial Universal Health Coverage (UHC) costing model in Armenia that relies on the most recent and complete health insurance claims data. The model serves as a tool for assessing the health financing and fiscal implications of the country's key universal health insurance policy decisions. The report aims to provide guidance in the design, construction, calibration, evaluation, implementation, and refinement of a UHC model to assess the expenditure impacts and the revenue requirements to finance alternative universal health insurance policies.
Protocols of Money
Money is the lifeblood of the economic system and the way we function as a society. Most of us devote 8-12 hours a day seeking to make money and worry about it, trying to determine how much we earn to spend or invest.But what is the underlying concept of money? Is it a piece of paper with pretty pictures that dictates its concept? Is it what the authorities describe? Or is it what you and I decide as a marketplace participant?The Neolithic Revolution gave rise to early human civilization around 12,000 years ago but did it gave rise to the concept of money during that time as well?How did people use money during the early BC era? Who used to control the supply of money within a country, and what forms of money were used?Did Egyptians used paper money to build the Pyramids? How did we evolve from gold coins to paper money? Was there a high volume of frauds when we evolved from paper money to plastic money (credit cards)? Did people find internet banking secure in the 1990s? And what in the world are cryptocurrencies?What is a financial market? Are stock markets the only form of financial market? What are bonds? How do banks trade currencies, and what's their role in the financial system? Are central banks and commercial banks the same type of institutions? Is having debt really an issue?Living in a world where money is a constant that one works for, it is important to become aware of what constitutes the participants that make up the financial system that governs money control.What caused the Great Depression of 1929? What caused the Great Recession of 2007? What is the role of central banks and financial institutions in a recession?What is Bitcoin? Is Bitcoin the future of money? What is Ethereum? Is Ethereum the future of money? What are smart contracts? Is Blockchain technology the future or just a fad?PROTOCOLS OF MONEY will provide a detailed chronological overview of the evolution of money.From the Barter System to Gold.From Gold to Coins.From Coins to Paper Money.From Paper Money to Plastic Money.From Plastic Money to Digital Money.From Digital Money to Cryptocurrencies.The book will provide all the answers regarding the origin of the concept of money. It will provide you with the appropriate knowledge; one needs to become financially and economically literate so that when an impact occurs to the economy, you are prepared. It will also provide all the answers to your questions about digital currencies that will make you walk off with enough knowledge that you can form an informed opinion of your own whether digital currencies are the future of money or not as we enter the next exciting evolution of protocols of money.Click on "Buy Now with 1-Click", and Get Your Copy now.
Better Tomorrow
"Better Tomorrow" is a quick read for adults that encourages readers to showcase servant leadership in action and not just through words. It provides practical and relevant advice to management and guidance. The leadership concepts in this book is backed by the author's life stories, and 35-year experience as a leader, lecturer, college professor, and missionary. This is definitely a must-have leadership skills book for any visionary who is looking for growth and wants to create and lead a better future! Testimonials: "Dave Dow shares a revelatory look at Servant leadership and its essential role in creating a better tomorrow. Dave tells it like it is so that the reader can apply it in their organization and in their personal life-a must read. In these troubled times, the message is essential and inspirational." Dr. Ronald F Cichy, O.M., Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University. "Dave Dow's Better Tomorrow is a wonderful contribution to the work on servant leadership. Dave is an experienced leader and teacher. He spent many years in a company devoted to servant leadership. He speaks directly to younger, developing leaders and generously shares what he has learned about how to bring servant leadership alive for yourself and your people." Dr. Joseph B. White, President and Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois; Dean and Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan "Dave Dow is the embodiment of 'Servant Leadership'. In this book, he weaves personal and professional stories into a lattice that illustrates his own servant leadership in action while compelling the reader to create a better future for everyone in their world. This message is more important now than ever as leaders navigate the awesome responsibility of serving others." Nicole Mouskondis, Co-CEO, Nicholas and Company "Dave Dow has an exceptional way of creating thought-provoking reflections on what it means to serve. For anyone already in a management role, or just starting out in the workforce, this book has the power to open your mind and delve deeper into what it means to be a Servant Leader. His anecdotes will make you smile or hit you hard as you relate to your own personal experiences and how you handled similar situations. And remember, 'When you are home, belong to the family'". Debbie Gust, President, WOW Factor Desserts
Volatility and Growth
It has long been recognized that productivity growth and the business cycle are closely interrelated. Yet, until recently, the two phenomena have been investigated separately in the economics literature. This book provides the first consistent attempt to analyze the effects of macroeconomic volatility on productivity growth, and also the reverse causality from growth to business cycles. The authors show that by looking at the economy through the lens of private entrepreneurs, who invest under credit constraints, one can go some way towards explaining persistent macroeconomic volatility and the effects of volatility on growth. Beginning with an analysis of the effects of volatility on growth, the authors argue that the lower the level of financial development in a country the more detrimental the effect of volatility on growth. This prediction is confirmed by cross-country panel regressions. The data also suggests that a fixed exchange rate regime or more countercyclical budgetary policies are growth-enhancing in countries with a lower level of financial development. The former reduce aggregate volatility whereas the latter reduce the negative effects of volatility on long-term productivity-enhancing investment by firms. The book concludes with an investigation into how the interplay between credit constraints and pecuniary externalities is sufficient to generate persistent business cycles and to explain the occurrence of currency crises.
Understanding Chinese Gdp
This book provides in-depth analyses on accounting methods of GDP, statistic calibers and comparative perspectives on Chinese GDP. Beginning with an exploration of international comparisons of GDP, the book introduces the theoretical backgrounds, data sources, algorithms of the exchange rate method and the purchasing power parity method and discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and the latest developments in the two methods. This book further elaborates on the reasons for the imperfections of the Chinese GDP data including limitations of current statistical techniques and the accounting system, as well as the relatively confusing statistics for the service industry. The authors then make suggestions for improvement. Finally, the authors emphasize that evaluation of a country's economy and social development should not be solely limited to GDP, but should focus more on indicators of the comprehensive national power, national welfare, and the people's livelihood. This book will be of interest to economists, China-watchers, and scholars of geopolitics.
Employment, Retirement and Lifestyle in Aging East Asia
This project offers a comprehensive look at aging policies across East Asia, where a demographic dividend fuelled rapid growth and is now aging into a lower-speed economy. With a comprehensive look at numerous East Asian societies, including China, Japan, Korea, and other regions, the book is rich in comparative insights and strategies into what is effective for policymakers and employers. As the Asian century begins, this book will be an invaluable resource for economists, policymakers and demographers.
Africa’s Last Colonial Currency
Colonialism persists in many African countries due to the continuation of imperial monetary policy. This is the little-known account of the CFA Franc and economic imperialism. The CFA Franc was created in 1945, binding fourteen African states and split into two monetary zones. Why did French colonial authorities create it and how does it work? Why was independence not extended to monetary sovereignty for former French colonies? Through an exploration of the genesis of the currency and an examination of how the economic system works, the authors seek to answer these questions and more. As protests against the colonial currency grow, the need for myth-busting on the CFA Franc is vital and this expos矇 of colonial infrastructure proves that decolonization is unfinished business.
Conflicting Counsels to Confuse the Age
Conflicting Counsels to Confuse the Age translates and analyzes thirty-eight memorials to the throne and other Qing documents dealing with important issues of Chinese political economy, providing thoughtful and provocative commentary. Subjects covered by the texts include water control, mining, grain trade, pawnshops, brewing, and commercial shipping. The documents also contain detailed discussions of how the state should control wealth, self-interest, profit, hoarding, and the market. In translating these primary sources, Helen Dunstan invites fellow specialists in Chinese studies, including Qing historians, to watch Qing officials and others thinking through problems of political economy and developing arguments to persuade colleagues or superiors. By emphasizing their rhetorical nature and genre conventions, Dunstan offers a reminder that it is improper to use the "information" in such texts without attention to the author's purpose, and without grasping the rhetorical structure of the text as a whole. As a model for close reading, Conflicting Counsels aims to induce greater sensitivity to the nature of Qing records.The second purpose of Conflicting Counsels is to help dispel the notion that economic liberalism is necessarily a Western, "modern" phenomenon. Many of the texts translated record areas of tension and controversy in eighteenth-century approaches to a central project of Confucian paternalist administration, "nourishing the people" (yangmin). Although Dunstan attempts to present both sides fairly, some materials included present the opinion that, in certain vital matters, it was better for the state to stand aside, and leave society's own economic institutions, trade in particular, to handle things. While not a majority, the texts that build some kind of market mechanism argument should be of greatest interest to Qing historians.
Oecd-Wirtschaftsausblick, Ausgabe 2020/2 (Kurzfassung)
Die Corona-Pandemie wirft einen langen Schatten auf die Weltwirtschaft. Die Aussichten sind daher sehr unsicher. Dieser OECD-Wirtschaftsausblick analysiert die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie auf die Wirtschaft und liefert Projektionen zu gesamtwirtschaftlicher Produktion, Besch瓣ftigung, Preisentwicklung, Haushaltssalden und Leistungsbilanzen.
