Development Policies and Policy Processes in Africa
The book examines the methodological challenges in analyzing the effectiveness of development policies. It presents a selection of tools and methodologies that can help tackle the complexities of which policies work best and why, and how they can be implemented effectively given the political and economic framework conditions of a country. The contributions in this book offer a continuation of the ongoing evidence-based debate on the role of agriculture and participatory policy processes in reducing poverty. They develop and apply quantitative political economy approaches by integrating quantitative models of political decision-making into existing economic modeling tools, allowing a more comprehensive growth-poverty analysis. The book addresses not only scholars who use quantitative policy modeling and evaluation techniques in their empirical or theoretical research, but also technical experts, including policy makers and analysts from stakeholder organizations, involved in formulating and implementing policies to reduce poverty and to increase economic and social well-being in African countries. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Regeneration of the Built Environment From a Circular Economy Perspective
This open access book explores the strategic importance and advantages of adopting multidisciplinary and multiscalar approaches of inquiry and intervention with respect to the built environment, based on principles of sustainability and circular economy strategies. A series of key challenges are considered in depth from a multidisciplinary perspective, spanning engineering, architecture, and regional and urban economics. These challenges include strategies to relaunch socioeconomic development through regenerative processes, the regeneration of urban spaces from the perspective of resilience, the development and deployment of innovative products and processes in the construction sector in order to comply more fully with the principles of sustainability and circularity, and the development of multiscale approaches to enhance the performance of both the existing building stock and new buildings. The book offers a rich selection of conceptual, empirical, methodological, technical, and case study/project-based research. It will be of value for all who have an interest in regeneration of the built environment from a circular economy perspective. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Wellbeing Economics
Economists have long sought to maximise economic growth, believing this to be their best contribution to improving human welfare. That approach is not sustainable in the face of ongoing issues such as global climate change, environmental damage, rising inequality and enduring poverty. Alternatives must be found. This open access book addresses that challenge. It sets out a wellbeing economics framework that directly addresses fundamental issues affecting wellbeing outcomes. Drawing inspiration from the capabilities approach of Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, the book demonstrates how persons can enhance prosperity through their own actions and through collaboration with others. The book examines national public policy, but its analysis also focuses on choices made by individuals, households, families, civil society, local government and the global community. It therefore offers important insights for anyone concerned with improving personal wellbeing and community prosperity. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Applying the Kaizen in Africa
At present, how to develop industries is a burning issue in Africa, where population growth remains high and economic development has thus far failed to provide sufficient jobs for many, especially young people and women. The creation of productive jobs through industrial development ought to be a central issue in steering economic activity across the continent. The authors of this book, consisting of two development economists and five practitioners, argue that the adoption of Kaizen management practices, which originated in Japan and have become widely used by manufacturers in advanced and emerging economies, is decisively the most effective first step for industrial development in Africa. This open access book discusses what Kaizen management is, why it is applicable to Africa, and why it can provide Africa with a springboard for sustainable economic growth and employment generation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Wellbeing Economics
Economists have long sought to maximise economic growth, believing this to be their best contribution to improving human welfare. That approach is not sustainable in the face of ongoing issues such as global climate change, environmental damage, rising inequality and enduring poverty. Alternatives must be found. This open access book addresses that challenge. It sets out a wellbeing economics framework that directly addresses fundamental issues affecting wellbeing outcomes. Drawing inspiration from the capabilities approach of Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen, the book demonstrates how persons can enhance prosperity through their own actions and through collaboration with others. The book examines national public policy, but its analysis also focuses on choices made by individuals, households, families, civil society, local government and the global community. It therefore offers important insights for anyone concerned with improving personal wellbeing and community prosperity. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Building a Cashless Society
This open access book tells the story of how Sweden is becoming a virtually cashless society. Its goal is to improve readers' understanding of what is driving this transition, and of the factors that are fostering and hampering it. In doing so, the book covers the role of central banks, political factors, needs for innovation, and the stakeholders involved in developing a cashless ecosystem. Adopting a historical standpoint, and drawing on a unique dataset, it presents an academic perspective on Sweden's leading role in this global trend. The global interest in the future of cash payments makes the Swedish case particularly interesting. As a country that is close to becoming a cashless economy, it offers a role model for many other countries to learn from - whether they want to stimulate or reduce the use of cash. This highly topical book will be of interest to politicians, researchers, businesses, financial service providers and payment service providers, as well as fintech start-ups, regulators and other authorities. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Modelling Our Changing World
This open access book focuses on the concepts, tools and techniques needed to successfully model ever-changing time-series data. It emphasizes the need for general models to account for the complexities of the modern world and how these can be applied to a range of issues facing Earth, from modelling volcanic eruptions, carbon dioxide emissions and global temperatures, to modelling unemployment rates, wage inflation and population growth. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Human and Organisational Factors
This open access book addresses several questions regarding the implementation of human and organisational factors (HOF) so that recent improvements in industrial safety can be built upon. It addresses sources of frustration in senior management with high expectations of operational recommendations and disquiet on the part of HOF specialists struggling to have an impact on high-level decision making. The brief explores these issues with an emphasis on examples and lessons learned based on the experience of its authors, who come from different academic disciplines and various industrial sectors such as oil and gas, energy and transportation. It then offers some ways forward for a better consideration of HOF in hazardous companies with a view of promoting safety and facing challenges in a rapidly changing world. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Competition Authorities in South Eastern Europe
This open access book provides answers to key open questions concerning competition policy in emerging economies, with a focus on South Eastern Europe. The contributions address two major issues. One is the design of competition policy and the national competition authorities that enforce it, including the topics of competition advocacy and state aid control; the other is the use of economic methods in competition law enforcement, especially in the cases of relevant market definition and merger control. Many lessons learned in the countries of South Eastern Europe can be applied to the emerging markets of other regions. As such, the findings presented here will be highly relevant for officials and staff at national competition authorities, advisers to legislators shaping national competition policy, competition law professionals, and university students alike.; Presents topical insights into the institutional design of national competition authorities Offers specific economic methods relevant for competition law enforcement Linked to a dedicated website providing information about ongoing competition law cases in SEE countries This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy
This open access book analyzes and seeks to consolidate the use of robust quantitative tools and qualitative methods for the design and assessment of energy and climate policies. In particular, it examines energy and climate policy performance and associated risks, as well as public acceptance and portfolio analysis in climate policy, and presents methods for evaluating the costs and benefits of flexible policy implementation as well as new framings for business and market actors. In turn, it discusses the development of alternative policy pathways and the identification of optimal switching points, drawing on concrete examples to do so. Lastly, it discusses climate change mitigation policies' implications for the agricultural, food, building, transportation, service and manufacturing sectors.; Open Access Presents a comprehensive tool set of methods for devising energy and climate policies Focuses on methods that are robust and adaptive enough to mitigate risks Investigates implications of climate change mitigation policies to various sectors This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Building a Cashless Society
This open access book tells the story of how Sweden is becoming a virtually cashless society. Its goal is to improve readers' understanding of what is driving this transition, and of the factors that are fostering and hampering it. In doing so, the book covers the role of central banks, political factors, needs for innovation, and the stakeholders involved in developing a cashless ecosystem. Adopting a historical standpoint, and drawing on a unique dataset, it presents an academic perspective on Sweden's leading role in this global trend. The global interest in the future of cash payments makes the Swedish case particularly interesting. As a country that is close to becoming a cashless economy, it offers a role model for many other countries to learn from - whether they want to stimulate or reduce the use of cash. This highly topical book will be of interest to politicians, researchers, businesses, financial service providers and payment service providers, as well as fintech start-ups, regulators and other authorities. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Hot Property
This open access book discusses booming housing markets in cities around the globe, and the resulting challenges for policymakers and central banks. Cities are booming everywhere, leading to a growing demand for urban housing. In many cities this demand is out-pacing supply, which causes house prices to soar and increases the pressure on rental markets. These developments are posing major challenges for policymakers, central banks and other authorities responsible for ensuring financial stability, and economic well-being in general. This volume collects views from high-level policymakers and researchers, providing essential insights into these challenges, their impact on society, the economy and financial stability, and possible policy responses. The respective chapters address issues such as the popularity of cities, the question of a credit-fueled housing bubble, the role of housing supply frictions and potential policy solutions. Given its scope, the book offers a revealing read and valuable guide for everyone involved in practical policymaking for housing markets, mortgage credit and financial stability. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Spationomy
This open access book is based on "Spationomy - Spatial Exploration of Economic Data", an interdisciplinary and international project in the frame of ERASMUS+ funded by the European Union. The project aims to exchange interdisciplinary knowledge in the fields of economics and geomatics. For the newly introduced courses, interdisciplinary learning materials have been developed by a team of lecturers from four different universities in three countries. In a first study block, students were taught methods from the two main research fields. Afterwards, the knowledge gained had to be applied in a project. For this international project, teams were formed, consisting of one student from each university participating in the project. The achieved results were presented in a summer school a few months later. At this event, more methodological knowledge was imparted to prepare students for a final simulation game about spatial and economic decision making. In a broader sense, the chapters will present the methodological background of the project, give case studies and show how visualisation and the simulation game works. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Applying the Kaizen in Africa
At present, how to develop industries is a burning issue in Africa, where population growth remains high and economic development has thus far failed to provide sufficient jobs for many, especially young people and women. The creation of productive jobs through industrial development ought to be a central issue in steering economic activity across the continent. The authors of this book, consisting of two development economists and five practitioners, argue that the adoption of Kaizen management practices, which originated in Japan and have become widely used by manufacturers in advanced and emerging economies, is decisively the most effective first step for industrial development in Africa. This open access book discusses what Kaizen management is, why it is applicable to Africa, and why it can provide Africa with a springboard for sustainable economic growth and employment generation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
2017 International Comparison Program for Asia and the Pacific
This publication provides in-depth analyses of purchasing power parities and real expenditures for 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific. The report provides a comprehensive account of the 2017 International Comparison Program (ICP) cycle for 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific. It provides in-depth analyses of estimates of purchasing power parities (PPPs), total and per capita real (PPP-converted) gross domestic product and its component expenditures, and price level indexes showing relative costs of living. The PPPs enable comparison in real terms across economies by removing the price level differences among them. This report also presents in detail the conceptual framework and methodological approaches used in implementing the ICP.
Global Tariff War
Global Tariff War: Economic, Political and Social Implications traces the range of impacts that global tariff wars in international trade can have on the growth and expansion of national economies. The Global economic and political status quo has faced turmoil after the US President's 2018 announcement on the imposition of import tariff steel and aluminium products. Taking as its core focus the trade war between the USA and China, this book focuses impact on the rest of the world's economies, and explores key areas including neo-protectionism, globalization and restricted trade, inflation volatility, FDI and tariff rates, and the environmental footprint of global trade tariffs. Having previously played the role of campaigner in favour of free trade since the World War II, today's United States has projected itself towards greater protectionism and patriotism. Conclusions arise that tariff wars, as well as trade wars, are damaging for national and transnational economies, as well as other sectors, such as society and environment. Evidence presented in the work illustrates that developed countries are impacted more adversely in comparison to developing zones due to this type of tariff war. Offering a range of illuminating perspectives from under explored developing economies being directly affected by these policies, this collection presents a unique critical insight into this complex and evolving area of geo-political and economic practice.
Income Inequality in China. Development and Underlying Drivers
Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,7, University of Bayreuth, language: English, abstract: This thesis aims to shed light to the various characteristics and sources of income inequality in China and thereby demonstrate their interrelations on economic growth using a literature review approach and by examining the impact of differences in the propensity to save among various Chinese income groups. In the course of this, China's current degree of income inequality is established, while identifying various forces and drivers behind these changes since the economic opening process initiated in 1978. Since adoption of the open-market policy reforms in 1978, China has experienced rapid economic growth. At the same time, its level of income inequality turned from one of the world's most equal to one of the most unequal. During long periods of time China was the country that experienced the fastest increase in income inequality. This bags the question whether income inequality is in fact the causal reason for economic growth or the necessary outcome of it. In the wake of this, income inequality in China has developed into several dimensions of inequality drivers ranging from an extensive urban-rural inequality, cross-regional inequality, inequality of education or wealth inequalities.
Chinas Wechselkurspolitik und Zinssatzproblem
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, L瓣nderstudien, Note: 1,50, Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: "To float or not to float?" - Im Zuge der Case-Study stellte sich die Frage, ob China weiterhin bei einem festen Wechselkurssystem bleiben soll oder die Wechselkurspolitik in Richtung eines variablen Wechselkursystems ge瓣ndert werden sollte. Im Zuge der Ausarbeitung wurden die verschiedenen Wechselkurssysteme erkl瓣rt und evaluiert, bevor auf Chinas Wechselkurspolitik und Zinssatzproblem eingegangen worden ist. Im Anschluss daran wurden die 繹konomischen Probleme der Volksrepublik China beleuchtet und diskutiert. Jahrelang hatte China ein festes Wechselkurssystem, wobei der chinesische Yuan an den US-Dollar gebunden war. Im Jahr 2005 wurde der Yuan schlie?lich um 2,1 Prozent aufgewertet. Zudem wurde der Yuan anschlie?end an einen W瓣hrungskorb gebunden, welcher aus 11 verschiedenen L瓣ndern bestand. Allerdings gewann die chinesische W瓣hrung aufgrund des hohen Wirtschaftswachstums in den darauffolgenden Jahren weiter an Wert. Im Zuge der Wirtschaftskrise im Jahr 2008 kehrte China wieder zu einem festen Wechselkurssystem zur羹ck, bei welchem die W瓣hrung erneut an den US-Dollar gebunden wurde (Alfaro & Di Tella 2010). Kritiker waren der Meinung, dass der Renminbi um 30-35 Prozent unterbewertet war. Besonders die USA hielt China vor, die W瓣hrung k羹nstlich niedrig zu halten, um dadurch Wettbewerbsvorteile zu erlangen. In den USA wurden in weiterer Folge Arbeitspl瓣tze abgebaut sowie mehrere Fabriken geschlossen, da der Import aus China billiger war, als die Produktion im eigenen Land durchzuf羹hren. Aufgrund der schwachen W瓣hrung hatte China als weiteren Vorteil, dass die Importe aus anderen L瓣ndern f羹r China teurer gewesen w瓣ren, was die inl瓣ndische Wirtschaft zus瓣tzlich ankurbelte (Alfaro & Di Tella 2010). Nicht nur die USA, sondern auch Europa und Japan 羹bten Druck auf China aus, da durch die ungerechte Manipulation der W瓣hrun
On the Cost of Capital
This work does not necessarily prove or disprove anything. It is an exposition of the current body of more or less accepted thinking on the subject of cost of capital. It is partly an exposition of the logic of the thinking, but it is primarily an exposition of its importance in the context of the world in which this thinking is used.The cost of Capital is closely related to the capital investment decision. Two investment evaluation methods predominate (in the literature): The present value and the yield rate of return.Both methods use as accept-reject criterion some interest rate. When using the present value method to evaluate an investment proposal, this interest rate is used to discount the stream of future cash incomes to a reference time, usually the present. The sum of the discounted cash incomes is then compared to the present value of the capital investments, and if the sum is larger the proposal is presumably acceptable.When using the yield rate of return method, the computed rate of return expected from the investment proposal is compared to the mentioned interest rate. If the yield rate of return is higher, the proposal is presumably acceptable.The interest rate being used as accept-reject criterion, in this context, is referred to as the cost of capital. Thus, the utmost importance of the cost of capital. Bernardo Antonio Maristany y Costales-Gonz獺lez was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1931. His primary and secondary education were studied at The Colegio de la Salle, Vedado, in Havana. He graduated in both tracks, Science and Letters, simultaneously. He graduated in 1949.He earned a Bachelor in the Science of Chemical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York, in1953. He returned to Cuba to work in Soap and Detergents (Crusellas & Co.), in paint manufacture (Sherwin Williams), and also taught Metallurgy and Unit Operations laboratory to Seniors in Chemical Engineering at the University of Santo Tom獺s de Villanueva, in Havana. He moved with his family to Miami, Florida in 1960. Later he earned an MBA from the University of Delaware in 1969.He moved to Wilmington, Delaware in 1962., He worked with then Atlas Chemical Industries in their Corporate Economics Department. He moved in 1965 to Baton Rouge, LA to work in Economics with Ethyl Corporation.
On the Cost of Capital
This work does not necessarily prove or disprove anything. It is an exposition of the current body of more or less accepted thinking on the subject of cost of capital. It is partly an exposition of the logic of the thinking, but it is primarily an exposition of its importance in the context of the world in which this thinking is used.The cost of Capital is closely related to the capital investment decision. Two investment evaluation methods predominate (in the literature): The present value and the yield rate of return.Both methods use as accept-reject criterion some interest rate. When using the present value method to evaluate an investment proposal, this interest rate is used to discount the stream of future cash incomes to a reference time, usually the present. The sum of the discounted cash incomes is then compared to the present value of the capital investments, and if the sum is larger the proposal is presumably acceptable.When using the yield rate of return method, the computed rate of return expected from the investment proposal is compared to the mentioned interest rate. If the yield rate of return is higher, the proposal is presumably acceptable.The interest rate being used as accept-reject criterion, in this context, is referred to as the cost of capital. Thus, the utmost importance of the cost of capital. Bernardo Antonio Maristany y Costales-Gonz獺lez was born in Havana, Cuba, in 1931. His primary and secondary education were studied at The Colegio de la Salle, Vedado, in Havana. He graduated in both tracks, Science and Letters, simultaneously. He graduated in 1949.He earned a Bachelor in the Science of Chemical Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York, in1953. He returned to Cuba to work in Soap and Detergents (Crusellas & Co.), in paint manufacture (Sherwin Williams), and also taught Metallurgy and Unit Operations laboratory to Seniors in Chemical Engineering at the University of Santo Tom獺s de Villanueva, in Havana. He moved with his family to Miami, Florida in 1960. Later he earned an MBA from the University of Delaware in 1969.He moved to Wilmington, Delaware in 1962., He worked with then Atlas Chemical Industries in their Corporate Economics Department. He moved in 1965 to Baton Rouge, LA to work in Economics with Ethyl Corporation.
Wie gut eignet sich Capability Mapping f羹r das strategische Management? Theoretisches Fundament sowie Veranschaulichung anhand des deutschen Energiemarkts
Capability Mapping ist eine Management-Methode, die derzeit stark im Fokus steht. Die aus dem IT-gepr瓣gten Enterprise Architecture Management entnommene Methodik erm繹glicht es Unternehmen, die Komplexit瓣t der Anforderungen, die aus einer bewussten strategischen Positionierung entsteht, transparent und greifbar zu machen. Sie bezieht dabei nicht nur das Vorhandensein von bestimmten Ressourcen ein, sondern betrachtet auch die notwendigen Kompetenzen zur Nutzung dieser Ressourcen. Erm繹glicht die Nutzung der Methodik des Capability Mappings die Ableitung einer Business Strategie? Welche Rahmenbedingungen sind dabei zu beachten? Corvin Hermann bietet anhand des deutschen Strommarkts f羹r Privatkunden einen tieferen Einblick in das Capability Mapping und erm繹glicht so ein besseres Verst瓣ndnis der Methodik. Seit 羹ber einem halben Jahrzehnt besch瓣ftigt sich Hermann mit strategischen Themen rund um die Digitalisierung und Transformation von Unternehmen. Angefangen bei Digitalisierungsprojekten im station瓣ren Vertrieb bis hin zu gro?en Transformationsinitiativen in der Energiewirtschaft konnte in diese Publikation Einiges an Praxiserfahrung und Expertise einflie?en. Sein Buch vermittelt ein Verst瓣ndnis f羹r das theoretische Fundament des Capability Mappings, veranschaulicht die Methode und gibt Empfehlungen f羹r die Praxis. Aus dem Inhalt: - PESTEL-Analyse; - Portersche Normstrategien; - Customer Journey; - Knowhow; - strategisches Management
Die Nullzinspolitik der EZB. Ursachen und Auswirkungen der Niedrigzinsphase
Die Geldpolitik der Europ瓣ischen Zentralbank (EZB) beeinflusst das Finanzierungsverhalten der Wirtschaftsakteure innerhalb der Europ瓣ischen W瓣hrungsunion. Ihre Hauptaufgabe ist die Gew瓣hrleistung stabiler Preise. Dieses Ziel will sie unter anderem mit der Nullzinspolitik erreichen. Welche anderen Aufgaben hat die EZB und wie wirkt sich ihre Geldpolitik auf die Wirtschaft und ihre Akteure aus? Mit welchen Instrumenten ist es ihr m繹glich, das Preisniveau stabil zu halten? Welche Ursachen f羹hrten dazu, dass der Leitzins aktuell bei null Prozent liegt? Alexander Schwarz analysiert die Ursachen und Auswirkungen der Nullzinspolitik der EZB. Er geht darauf ein, ob die EZB die alleinige Verantwortung f羹r das niedrige Zinsniveau tr瓣gt und untersucht, wie effektiv die Nullzinspolitik heute noch ist, wobei er m繹gliche Alternativen diskutiert. Aus dem Inhalt: - Quantit瓣tstheorie; - Offenmarktgesch瓣fte; - Mindestreserve; - Terti瓣risierung der Wirtschaft; - Quantitative Easing; - Inflation
Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) in Regional Development
Revision with unchanged content. In recent years, regional innovation systems (RIS) and innovative activity have been recognized as having important roles to play in regional economic development policy. The goal of this book is empirically to expand our understanding of the relationship between regional economic growth and the local characteristics of RIS. In this innovative research, Dr. Lee addresses a fundamental question: "Most research on innovation and RIS is focusing on high-tech industries in large metropolitan areas or developed regions. However, how can we construct or develop RIS in less developed areas, which may overlook the endogenous capabilities of less-developed regions?" The book presents important new research material, in the form of detailed empirical studies of non-metropolitan counties in the U.S. South, and offers practical policy implications. As a result, the book elucidates our under-standing of which local innovative activity and characteristics of RIS matter in regional economic growth. Regional Innovation Systems in Regional De-velop-ment will be of vital benefit to those studying in the field of regional econo-mic development, especially for less developed areas.
Green Finance Strategies for Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery in Southeast Asia
This publication examines innovative finance mechanisms for government recovery strategies that can incentivize green infrastructure investment in developing Asia and support the fight against the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has seen governments across developing Asia move significant amounts of capital into relief efforts that have saved countless lives and livelihoods. But emerging economic recovery packages must not upset the sensitive balance between economic growth and the region's natural capital. Many global thinkers are advocating the critical role of green infrastructure in supporting economic growth and livelihoods, while safeguarding the Paris Agreement targets. Innovative finance mechanisms can play a key role in catalyzing much-needed funds from private capital for a green and sustainable regional recovery.
The Great Awakening
"As we enter a time of climate catastrophe, worsening inequality, and collapsing market/state systems, can human societies transcend the old, dysfunctional paradigms and build the world anew? There are many signs of hope.In The Great Awakening, twelve cutting-edge activists, scholars, and change-makers probe the deep roots of our current predicament while reflecting on the social DNA for a post-capitalist future. We learn about seed-sharing in agriculture, blockchain technologies for networked collaboration, cosmolocal peer production of houses and vehicles, creative hacks on law, and new ways of thinking and enacting a rich, collaborative future. This surge of creativity is propelled by the social practices of commoning new modes of life for creating and sharing wealth in fair-minded, ecologically respectful ways.It is clear that the multiple, entangled crises produced by neoliberal capitalism cannot be resolved by existing political and legal institutions, which are imploding under the weight of their own contradictions. Present and future needs can be met by systems that go beyond the market and state. With experiments and struggle, a growing pluriverse of commoners from Europe and the US to the Global South and cyberspace are demonstrating some fundamentally new ways of thinking, being and acting. This ontological shift of perspective is making new worlds possible.Anna Grear is Professor of Law and Theory at Cardiff University, UK. She has authored a range of books and articles addressing law's construction of the world, and offering a sustained critical engagement with law's underlying philosophical and political assumptions. Anna is Founder and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Human Rights and the Environment. She is also an Associate Fellow of the New Economy Law Centre, Vermont University, USA; Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Waikato, New Zealand; and a member of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network.David Bollier is an activist, scholar, and blogger focused on the commons as a new/old paradigm for re-imagining economics, politics, and culture. He pursues this work as Director of the Reinventing the Commons Program at the Schumacher Center for a New Economics (US), and as cofounder of the Commons Strategies Group, an international advocacy project. Bollier is the author of Think Like a Commoner: A Short Introduction to the Life of the Commons; co-editor of Patterns of Commoning and The Wealth of the Commons; and co-author of Green Governance. He blogs at Bollier.org and lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.
Democratizing Money
The Alliance For Just Money is proud to sponsor "Democratizing Money. An introduction to Sovereign Money Reform." The essays translated (in Spanish) for this publication were selected to give the reader of broad overview of the history, problems, solutions and obstacles associated with our current system and reforming it for the benefit of all people. Please enjoy the articles and remember that anything physically possible, ecologically wise, and socially desirable is also financially feasible.
Factores determinantes de la evoluci籀n del mercado farmac矇utico en Ir獺n para el per穩odo 2000-2017
Tesis de M獺ster del a簽o 2020 en eltema Econom穩a de las empresas - Pol穩tica econ籀mica, Nota: 8, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Idioma: Espa簽ol, Resumen: Esta investigaci籀n analiza los factores determinantes en el desarrollo de mercado farmac矇utico de Ir獺n, que se vio favorecido por las reformas econ籀micas y el boom econ籀mico causado por la globalizaci籀n desde los a簽os 90. Adem獺s de un an獺lisis pormenorizado de la estructura del mercado farmac矇utico iran穩 y de las pol穩ticas industriales y comerciales aplicadas a dicho sector, el trabajo incluye una aplicaci籀n emp穩rica que pretende identificar los determinantes de la evoluci籀n del mercado entre los a簽os 2000 y 2017. Para ello se emplea un modelo multivariante, completado con el m矇todo de la Funci籀n de Respuesta al Impulso. Los resultados indican que, en Ir獺n, las divisas provenientes de los ingresos petroleros siguen siendo un determinante importante en el desarrollo de la industria interna y de la importaci籀n de productos de alto coste durante el periodo de estudio. Por otra parte, se corrobora que, aunque los gastos sociales intentaron sostener el mercado durante el periodo de aplicaci籀n de las sanciones impuestas sobre Ir獺n, el mercado muestra signos de vulnerabilidad al shock y a la ca穩da de las importaciones debido a dificultades en el comercio.
Determinants of the evolution of the pharmaceutical market in Iran for the period 2000-2017
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 8, Complutense University of Madrid, language: English, abstract: This research paper analyses the determining factors in the development of Iran's pharmaceutical market, which was favoured by economic reforms and the economic boom caused by globalisation since the 1990s. In addition to a detailed analysis of the structure of the Iranian pharmaceutical market and of the industrial and commercial policies applied to this sector, this research includes an empirical application that aims to identify the determinants of the evolution of the market between the years 2000 and 2017. For this, a multivariate model is used, complemented by the method of the Impulse Response Function. The results indicate that, in Iran, foreign currency from oil revenues continues to be an essential determinant in the development of the domestic industry and the importation of high-cost products during our study period. On the other hand, we corroborated that, although social expenditures tried to sustain the market during the period of application of the sanctions imposed on Iran, the market shows signs of vulnerability to shock and the fall of imports due to difficulties in trade. Finally conclude that the non-oil exports which have been increasing during the period of study are the new sources of foreign exchanges for imports of medicines.
Covid-19 und die Staatsschuldenproblematik in der Euro-Zone. Eine Beurteilung mit der Prinzipal-Agenten-Theorie
Essay aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,3, FOM Essen, Hochschule f羹r Oekonomie & Management gemeinn羹tzige GmbH, Hochschulleitung Essen fr羹her Fachhochschule, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Arbeit besch瓣ftigt sich mit der Frage, ob die EU-Zone sich im Zuge der Corona-Krise f羹r eine neue Schuldenkrise wappnen muss. Dabei stellt sich die Arbeit folgende Frage: Stehen einige europ瓣ische Staaten vor einer Staatsschuldenkrise, wie sie Griechenland seit 2010 erlebt? Zun瓣chst wird daf羹r in der Arbeit die historische Entwicklung der europ瓣ischen Staatsverschuldung betrachtet. Dazu wird der Stabilit瓣ts- und Wachstumspakt (SWP), der 1997 geschlossen wurde, aufgef羹hrt. Die Staatsschuldenkrise Griechenlands soll als praktisches Beispiel behandelt werden. Daraufhin wird die bekannte Prinzipal-Agenten-Theorie zun瓣chst erl瓣utert, um sie dann auf die Staatsschuldenproblematik in der Euro-Zone anzuwenden. Die erlangten Erkenntnisse aus dieser Analyse sollen in einem abschlie?enden Fazit aufgef羹hrt werden, wobei auch die eigene Sicht eingebracht werden soll.
The Role of the State in Economic Development. Do Government Expenditures Promote Growth in Developing Countries?
Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Economic Cycle and Growth, grade: 7, University of Groningen (Faculty of Economics and Business), language: English, abstract: This paper examines the role of the state in economic development. In particular, we test the impact of aggregated and sectoral government expenditures on economic performance in developing countries. Our findings suggest that total government expenditures are negatively related to economic development in both low income and middle income developing countries. However, we find particular evidence that government expenditures prove to be more beneficial for growth when a country is characterized by a well-functional institutional design. In contrast to previous studies, we do not find positive and significant results for sectoral government expenditures. In fact, our findings suggest that transport and communication, defense and health expenditures are negatively related to economic development. At the same time, public and private investments appear to be positively related to economic development throughout our analysis. Therefore, we conclude that - instead of government expenditures - stimulating investments and institutional reforms should play a major part on the political agenda of developing countries.
Aristotle’s Critique of Political Economy
This book presents a positive account of Aristotle's theory of political economy, arguing that it contains elements that may help us better understand and resolve contemporary social and economic problems. In exploring how Aristotle's theories can be applied to contemporary social welfare analysis, the book offers a study that will be of re
An Urban History of The Plague
As a medical, economic, spiritual and demographic crisis, plague affected practically every aspect of an early modern community whether on a local, regional or national scale. Its study therefore affords opportunities for the reassessment of many aspects of the pre-modern world. This book examines the incidence and effects of plague in an early mod
The Economic Thought of William Petty
William Petty (1623-87), long recognised as a founding father of English political economy, was actively involved in the military-colonial administration of Ireland following its invasion by Oliver Cromwell, and to the end of his days continued to devise schemes for securing England's continued domination of that country. It was in that context tha
Feminist Political Ecology and the Economics of Care
The conceptual frameworks of economic alternatives which combine green and non-capitalist approaches have so far failed to deal explicitly with gender issues around care. This book remedies this gap by providing an overview of feminist political ecology from diverse disciplinary backgrounds.
Marx's Capital After 150 Years
This volume includes proceedings of the biggest international conference held in the world to celebrate 150th anniversary of Capital's publication. The book is divided into three parts: I) "Capitalism, Past and Present"; II) "Extending the Critique of Capital"; III) "The Politics of Capital".
The Economics of Resource Allocation in Health Care
The question of how to allocate scarce medical resources has become an important public policy issue in recent decades. Cost-Utility Analysis is the most commonly used method for determining the allocation of these resources, but this book counters the argument that overcoming its inherent imbalances is simply a question of implementing methodol
The Russian Economy and Foreign Direct Investment
This new book brings together an international group of contributors to present a timely and comprehensive analysis of FDI to and from Russia. The book assesses the impact of the changed international political situation on foreign firms operating in Russia, and explores how the new world context has affected Russian investments abroad. The book
Universities and Regional Economic Development
This book explores how universities in less successful regions contribute to processes of regional economic development and innovative growth. Universities are complex organisations, and can have difficulties in producing co-ordinated action around their knowledge production and circulation activities. Given an emerging emphasis
Utilitarianism and Malthus’ Virtue Ethics
The die-hard image of Malthus the ogre has not completely disappeared yet. And yet, Malthus showed no less concern than Adam Smith for the labouring poor. In order to make full sense of such expression of concern and to appraise their relevance in Malthus's work, we need to know what moral philosophy, what view of natural science, and what view
Technological Progress and the Transformation of China’s Economic Development Mode
1. Explores the mechanism and approaches in which technological progress influence the changing course of China's economic development mode from both theoretical and empirical perspectives2. Provides case analyses with data and computational formulas3. Offers policy proposals for the Chinese government to facilitate changes in the national economic development model with technological progress4. Enrolls in the National Achievements Library of Philosophy and Social Science as the final achievement of a major research project of the National Social Science Funding
Research in Economic History
Research in Economic History is a well-established publication presenting influential work by leading researchers in the field of economic history, including economists, historians, and demographers.
The Age of Plunder
A thought-provoking social and economic of Henry VIII's reign. Ideal for readers of Ian Mortimer, Christopher Hill and E. P. Thompson. Henry VIII is one of the most famous monarchs to have ruled England. Yet, what was life like for those that he ruled? How were they impacted by the wars with France, his marital disasters and the religious Reformation that his chief ministers implemented? The Age of Plunder does not dwell upon the lives of political and religious leaders such as Wolsey, Cromwell and Cranmer, but instead provides a vivid depiction of Tudor England from the perspective of those who tended the crops, sat at the looms and worked in the mines. "The scholarship is as sound, the sympathy as warm and the judgements as pugnacious as ever." New Statesman "This is a provocative and stimulating book, packed with statistical information, but saved from indigestibility by well-chosen and unusual examples drawn from the author's vast knowledge of local history." The Agricultural History Review In this book W. G. Hoskins reveals how inhabitants of early sixteenth century England were witnesses to the greatest act of plunder since the Norman Conquest, but this time by the native governing class.
Das Baugewerbe in Deutschland unter mikro繹konomischen Gesichtspunkten
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,7, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Hausarbeit befasst sich mit dem Baugewerbe in Deutschland. Hierbei wird diese Branche einer mikro繹konomischen Analyse unterzogen, welche die Marktstruktur, die Angebots- und Nachfragefunktionen sowie die Elastizit瓣ten umfasst. Weitergehend werden Wettbewerbsstrategien der Unternehmen und Effekte von Steuern auf das Baugewerbe genauer beleuchtet. Zuletzt wird der Einfluss der aktuellen Corona-Pandemie auf das Baugewerbe untersucht und ein Ausblick auf die zu erwartenden zuk羹nftigen Entwicklungen gegeben.
Wie gelingt die Transition zu einer nachhaltigen Mobilit瓣t?
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Umwelt繹konomie, Note: 2,0, Wirtschaftsuniversit瓣t Wien (Department f羹r Sozio繹konomie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wie kann der modal shift zu nachhaltigen Verkehrstr瓣gern im Individualverkehr aus der Perspektive von Praxistheorie und Verhaltens繹konomie gelingen? Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das Verhalten im Bereich der Mobilit瓣t bez羹glich der verschiedenen Verkehrstr瓣ger mithilfe verschiedener theoretischer Ans瓣tze zu untersuchen und Ausblicke auf m繹gliche Nachhaltigkeitstransitionen auf Grundlage der theoretischen Basis zu geben. Da es von diversen Faktoren abh瓣ngt, ob Individuen sich f羹r das Automobil, das Fahrrad, den 繹ffentlichen Nahverkehr oder andere Formen der Mobilit瓣t entscheiden sollen diese Entscheidungen anhand von praxistheoretischen und verhaltens繹konomischen Ans瓣tzen analysiert werden, um eine m繹glichst breite Perspektive auf das Thema zu erm繹glichen. Hierf羹r sollen die Ans瓣tze der Praxistheorie und Verhaltens繹konomie skizziert und anschlie?end mit der Fragestellung in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
Peer- und Pool-Bestrafungsinstitutionen. F繹rderung von kooperativem Verhalten
Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Mikro繹konomie, allgemein, Note: 1,30, Technische Universit瓣t Clausthal, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen der informellen und formellen Bestrafungsinstitution auf die F繹rderung des Kooperationsverhaltens mit Hilfe eines Experiments untersucht. Durch das Experiment wurde gezeigt, dass die Bestrafungsinstitution das Kooperationsverhalten tats瓣chlich f繹rdern kann. Das Experiment lieferte den Beweis: Menschen, die sich f羹r Bestrafungsinstitutionen entscheiden, neigen eher zur Kooperation als Menschen, die keine Bestrafungsinstitution w瓣hlen. Das Kooperationsniveau ohne Bestrafungsinstitution nimmt im Laufe der Zeit ab, w瓣hrend die Kooperation mit der Institution gef繹rdert wird. In dieser Arbeit wurde au?erdem analysiert, welche der Bestrafungsinstitutionen die Kooperation effizienter und stabiler f繹rdert. Dabei ergab sich das unerwartete Ergebnis, dass Peer-Bestrafung stabiler als vorhergesagt ist und Pool-Bestrafung effizienter als Peer-Bestrafung ist.
The Free Trade Adventure
Free trade lies at the heart of the new era of globalisation. This superb account explains the theory of free trade and how it has been put into practice. The author reviews the history of 20th century trade agreements. He traces what happened to GATT, with its quite narrow ambit, before the USA pushed the world into the Uruguay Round. This renegotiation of the rules of international trade, enshrined in the World Trade Organisation Agreements, is now taking free trade much further than ever before. The author examines the benefits and hidden costs of the WTO Agreements in both economic and non-economic terms. He looks at their implications for weaker economies and their likely consequences in terms of environmental protection, labour standards and political sovereignty. But alternatives do exist, he argues, to an over-reliance on free trade. These include managed trade, fair trade and self-reliant trade. And he sets out a series of innovative proposals for reforming the basic building blocks for managing the global economy - the WTO, IMF and World Bank.
Good Practices and Innovative Experiences in the South
These volumes constitute a unique, inspiring and practically useful compilation of the rich variety of innovative good practice being pioneered at governmental, NGO and community levels in so many Third World countries. They provide a wealth of information on a large number of particular policies, projects and organizations in Asia, Latin America and Africa. The project is the result of an initiative by UNDP's Special Unit for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries. The process of selection and description has been carried out by Third World Network in Penang headed by Martin Khor, drawing on the detailed knowledge of, amongst others, Claude Alvares of the Other India Press, Roberto Bissio of the Instituto del Tercer Mundo in Uruguay and Berhane Egziabher of the Institute for Sustainable Development in Ethiopia. The practical importance of this three-volume collection is to contribute to the process of replication across the South of the best ideas, practice and ways of organizing. These are based on a number of common principles, including respect for local cultures and knowledge systems; genuine harmony with the natural world; quality outcomes of real benefit to local communities and countries; and equity and democratic involvement. In political terms, this richly variegated and inspiring collection shows us all what some remarkable communities, organizations and governments in the Third World are achieving.
African Development and Governance Strategies in the 21st Century
NEPAD -- the New Partnership for Africa's Development -- is the latest attempt to chart a new course of good governance combined with an effective development strategy for the African continent. This volume brings together some of Africa's best economists and social scientists to reflect on Africa's previous experiences with alternative paradigms to structural adjustment and related problems. The intention is to learn from the past in order to chart viable new policy directions for the future, including critically assessing the prospects for NEPAD measuring up to the challenges involved. This rich collection of essays examines a wide range of economic issues such as the importance of planning, the continuing reality of the debt crisis, and the new parameters for regional integration in the context of the global economy. Good governance is analysed, as is corporate governance. There is a special emphasis on issues of human development, including poverty, HIV/AIDS, and the refugee problem. The assumption is that the continent's decades of experience since independence embody lessons and reflect alternative policy approaches which, if properly understood, could be of real value in charting a viable future for its people -- provided African countries are set free to chart their own courses of action that address their particular circumstances and meet the social and economic needs of their own populations. The occasion for these essays was the 70th birthday of one of Africa's most eminent economists and a leading public servant -- Professor Adebayo Adedeji. Former Executive Secretary for the Economic Commission on Africa and Under Secretary General of the United Nations, scholar, and author of numerous books and papers, Adebayo Adedeji is perhaps best known for his pioneering work developing the African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment at a time when the damage being caused by the latter policies being imposed on Africa was only just beginning to become clear.
