Model Essays for IB & A Level Economics
By leading economics tutor in Singapore, Mr. Kelvin Hong, Model Essays for IB and A Level Economics is a first for IB (SL & HL) students. Containing top-notch model answers to common IB economics essay questions, students will be armed with powerful knowledge and economic analysis to tackle many Microeconomic essay questions.
Model Essays for IB & A Level Economics
By leading economics tutor in Singapore, Mr. Kelvin Hong, Model Essays for IB and A Level Economics is a first for IB (SL & HL) students. Containing top-notch model answers to common IB economics essay questions, students will be armed with powerful knowledge and economic analysis to tackle many Macroeconomic essay questions.
Model Essays for IB & A Level Economics
By leading economics tutor in Singapore, Mr. Kelvin Hong, Model Essays for IB and A Level Economics is a first for IB (SL & HL) students. Containing top-notch model answers to common IB economics essay questions, students will be armed with powerful knowledge and economic analysis to tackle many Macroeconomic essay questions.
Model Essays for IB and A Level Economics
By leading economics tutor in Singapore, Mr. Kelvin Hong, Model Essays for IB and A Level Economics is a first for IB (SL & HL) students. Containing top-notch model answers to common IB economics essay questions, students will be armed with powerful knowledge and economic analysis to tackle many Microeconomic essay questions.
Mining Taxation
ForewordAcknowledgementsPrecis1 Mineral Policy, Governance and its Economic Implications1.1 Government mineral and economic policy versus corporate financial objectives1.2 The concept of mineral economic rent1.3 Mining taxation principles and objectives1.4 Components of a mining taxation package1.5 Legislating for local participation: Participative and free-carry interests1.6 Trends in mining fiscal regime development 2 Quantitative Financial Analysis of Common Mining Taxation Instruments2.1 Analytical methodology2.2 Different types of mineral royalties and mining-specific corporate income tax provisions2.3 Royalties: Comparing the Government's and the Operator's position2.4 Government free carried interest: Analysing the benefits to Government and costs to industry2.5 Government participative interests: Comparing the Government's with the Operator's outcomes2.6 Analysing the revenue impact of fiscal incentives to attract investment2.7 Taxing instruments in petroleum fiscal regimes2.8 Discussion and ideas 3 Administering the Mining Fiscal Regime3.1 Main mining tax administration issues3.2 Mining as a global business3.3 Foreign investment attraction and fiscal incentives3.4 Stability agreements and sovereign risk minimisation3.5 Return on investment and repatriation of capital and profits3.6 Tax minimisation strategies through cross-border transactions between related parties: Transfer pricing, tax rate arbitrage, treaty shopping3.7 Withholding taxes and other Government defensive mechanisms3.8 Workable solutions to improve mining taxation collection and administration frameworks Conclusions and RecommendationsReferencesAppendices
The Inter-Bank Bond Market in the People’s Republic of China
This edition focuses on the China Inter-Bank Bond Market (CIBM), which is the largest bond market segment in the People's Republic of China.The CIBM is one of only two bond markets in the country that are accessible to foreign investment; the other being the Exchange Bond Market. The legal and regulatory frameworks, features, challenges, and opportunities for the CIBM are outlined here. This edition is part the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide series that provides country-specific information on the investment climate, rules, laws, opportunities, and characteristics of local bond markets in Asia and the Pacific.
Youth Employment Programs in Ghana
Unemployment and underemployment are global development challenges. The situation in Ghana is no different. In 2016, it was projected that, given the country's growing youth population, 300,000 new jobs would need to be created each year to absorb the increasing numbers of unemployed young people. Yet the employment structure of the Ghanaian economy has not changed much from several decades ago. Most jobs are low skill, requiring limited cognitive or technology know-how, reflected in low earnings and work of lower quality. An additional challenge for Ghana is the need to create access to an adequate number of high-quality, productive jobs. This report seeks to increase knowledge about Ghana's job landscape and youth employment programs to assist policy makers and key stakeholders in identifying ways to improve the effectiveness of these programs and strengthen coordination among major stakeholders. Focused, strategic, short- to medium-term and long-term responses are required to address current unemployment and underemployment challenges. Effective coordination and synergies among youth employment programs are needed to avoid duplication of effort while the country's economic structure transforms. Effective private sector participation in skills development and employment programs is recommended. The report posits interventions in five priority areas that are not new but could potentially make an impact through scaling up: (1) agriculture and agribusiness, (2) apprenticeship (skills training), (3) entrepreneurship, (4) high-yielding areas (renewable energy+"solar, construction, tourism, sports, and green jobs), and (5) preemployment support services. Finally, with the fast-changing nature of work due to technology and artificial intelligence, Ghana needs to develop an education and training system that is versatile and helps young people to adapt and thrive in the twenty-first century world of work.
How Capitalism Destroyed Itself; Technology Displaced by Financial Innovation
This new and expanded edition of William Kingston's Interrogating Irish Policies looks at the Irish political system with an emphasis on innovation and history.
Outside the Box
From the acclaimed author of The Box, a new history of globalization that shows us how to navigate its future Globalization has profoundly shaped the world we live in, yet its rise was neither inevitable nor planned. It is also one of the most contentious issues of our time. While it may have made goods less expensive, it has also sent massive flows of money across borders and shaken the global balance of power. Outside the Box offers a fresh and lively history of globalization, showing how it has evolved over two centuries in response to changes in demographics, technology, and consumer tastes. Marc Levinson, the acclaimed author of The Box, tells the story of globalization through the people who eliminated barriers and pursued new ways of doing business. He shows how the nature of globalization changed dramatically in the 1980s with the creation of long-distance value chains. This new type of economic relationship shifted manufacturing to Asia, destroying millions of jobs and devastating industrial centers in North America, Europe, and Japan. Levinson describes how improvements in transportation, communications, and computing made international value chains possible, but how globalization was taken too far because of large government subsidies and the systematic misjudgment of risk by businesses. As companies began to account properly for the risks of globalization, cross-border investment fell sharply and foreign trade lagged long before Donald Trump became president and the coronavirus disrupted business around the world. In Outside the Box, Levinson explains that globalization is entering a new era in which moving stuff will matter much less than moving services, information, and ideas.
Climate Change: The Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review
Climate change is threatening our world. How are you responding? Heat waves, flooding, extreme storms, harsh winters. The effects of climate change are only getting worse. How can you ensure your organization is taking the right steps to mitigate this threat--and what can you, as an individual, do to help? These articles by experts and researchers will help you understand how climate change is affecting the future of business. Climate Change: The Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review will prepare you to join in the current discussion, identify immediate and long-term risks for your company, and plan for the future. Business is changing. Will you adapt or be left behind? Get up to speed and deepen your understanding of the topics that are shaping your company's future with the Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review series. Featuring HBR's smartest thinking on fast-moving issues--blockchain, cybersecurity, AI, and more--each book provides the foundational introduction and practical case studies your organization needs to compete today and collects the best research, interviews, and analysis to get it ready for tomorrow. You can't afford to ignore how these issues will transform the landscape of business and society. The Insights You Need series will help you grasp these critical ideas--and prepare you and your company for the future.
Vegetable Production and Value Chains in Mongolia
This publication analyzes Mongolia's market and value chain for vegetables, including aspects of climate-resilient smallholder production and access to promote self-sufficiency and generate more income for vegetable growers. The Government of Mongolia has identified agriculture as a priority area for growth. Agriculture sector development is key to diversifying the economy, reducing the reliance on vegetable imports, alleviating poverty, and improving nutrition in the country's large rural population. In line with the government's focus on accelerating economic diversification and job creation, this publication is intended to aid in informing donor support for Mongolia's agricultural diversification agenda.
When More Is Not Better
Strategy guru and world-renowned business thinker Roger Martin starkly outlines why our American system of democratic capitalism is in danger--because it has long been viewed as a kind of "perfectible machine" of economic efficiency. We need to shift to treating it as a complex adaptive system, balancing efficiency with resilience. This book shows how.A provocative big-picture argument from a leading business thinker.Timely--there is currently hot debate about the future of capitalism.An engaging, impressive synthesis of business, economic, and political thinking and context.Compact, essayistic, and well-written.Audience: Business leaders, thoughtful senior executives and managers, policy wonks, intelligent general readers interested in the economy, political economy, and the future of capitalism.
Analyzing Electoral Promises with Game Theory
Electoral promises help to win votes and political candidates, or parties should strategically choose what they can deliver to win an election. Past game-theoretical studies tend to ignore electoral promises and this book sheds illuminating light on the functions and effects of electoral promises on policies or electoral outcomes through game theory models. This book provides a basic framework for game-theoretical analysis of electoral promises. ​The book also includes cases to illustrate real life applications of these theories. ​
Transmission Network Investment in Liberalized Power Markets
Presents the fundamentals of regulated and merchant transmission investmentDiscusses the essentiality of transmission investment for renewable energiesProvides a unique comparative study of transmission investment in different countries
New India
With a GDP that just reached $2.6 trillion, India is poised to become the world's third largest economy in less than a decade. In doing so, it will have moved one step closer to reclaiming its pre-industrial glory when it accounted for one-sixth of the global output and ranked second in economic size. This rapid movement in the absolute size of the economy will be insufficient, however, to bring prosperity to India's vast population. Today, 44% of the country's workforce remains in agriculture and another 42% in small enterprises with fewer than twenty workers. Labor productivity of both sets of workers remains low and they live overwhelmingly on subsistence-level incomes. In New India: Reclaiming the Lost Glory, Arvind Panagariya outlines a concise strategy to transform India from a primarily rural and agricultural economy to an urban and industrial economy with well-paid jobs for those with limited skills. Panagariya argues that the creation of good jobs requires the emergence of medium and large enterprises in industry and services, especially labor-intensive sectors such as apparel, footwear, and other light manufactures. He explains that India needs policies conducive to the growth of firms from small to medium, medium to large, and large to larger still. Such policies include greater outward orientation; more flexible land, labor, and capital markets; concerted effort to improve the quality of higher education; faster urbanization; and improved governance at all levels. Written by a preeminent authority on the Indian economy, New India: Reclaiming the Lost Glory provides a data-driven and persuasive roadmap for India to eliminate abject poverty, accelerate economic growth, and return to its historically prominent position in the global economy.
Lecture Notes in International Trade
This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the economics of International Trade.Key questions related to why countries trade, how they gain from trade, and how international trade can produce winners and losers are answered. The last of these questions is related to the connection of trade to inequality in the distribution of income.The book uses both theoretical models and empirical evidence to answer these questions. It also provides a discussion of the economics of labor migration and international capital mobility. The book also provides a detailed discussion of the welfare implications of various trade policy instruments such as tariffs, quotas, export subsidies etc. This is followed by a discussion of the process of actual policymaking in democratic societies which goes into the realm of political economy. The focus here is on the political economy of trade policy. It also provides a discussion of the economics of preferential trading agreements and a history of multilateral trading agreements under the aegis of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and its evolution into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Social Knowledge Management for Rural Empowerment
This book develops and examines the concepts and strategies for rural empowerment through the formation of a community-driven social knowledge management (SKM) framework aided by social technology. The framework is aimed at mobilizing knowledge resources to bridge the rural-urban knowledge divide while securing rural empowerment using digital connections and social collaborations built on strategies of self-sustenance and self-development. With key empirical findings supplemented by relevant theoretical structures, case studies, illustrative figures and a lucid style, the book combines social technologies and social development to derive a social knowledge management platform. It shows how the proposed SKM framework can enhance knowledge capabilities of rural actors　by facilitating　connection among rural-urban entities　through formation of purposive virtual communities, which allow social agents to create, modify and share content collaboratively. The volume brings forward diverse issues such as conceptual foundations; bridging the rural-urban knowledge and information divide; issues of information and knowledge asymmetry; a knowledge-theoretic perspective of rural empowerment; knowledge capability, freedom of choice and wellbeing, to provide a comprehensive outlook on building a knowledge society through digital empowerment. This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of development studies, rural sociology, management studies, IT/IS, knowledge management and ICT for development, public policy, sociology, political economy and development economics. It will benefit professionals and policymakers, government and nongovernment bodies and international agencies involved with policy decisions related to application of technologies for rural development, social workers and those in the development sector.
Private Health Insurance
Can private health insurance fill gaps in publicly financed coverage? Does it enhance access to health care or improve efficiency in health service delivery? Will it provide fiscal relief for governments struggling to raise public revenue for health? This book examines the successes, failures and challenges of private health insurance globally through country case studies written by leading national experts. Each case study considers the role of history and politics in shaping private health insurance and determining its impact on health system performance. Despite great diversity in the size and functioning of markets for private health insurance, the book identifies clear patterns across countries, drawing out valuable lessons for policymakers while showing how history and politics have proved a persistent barrier to effective public policy. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Rethinking the Theory of Money, Credit, and Macroeconomics
This book is the definitive scholarly work on money, credit and macroeconomics for the twenty-first century. Nine decades ago Keynes claimed to be writing a work that would "largely revolutionize the way the world thinks about economic problems". This is a modern day attempt with the same purpose.
Essentials of Microeconomics
The branch of economics which studies the behaviour of firms as well as individuals in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources is known as microeconomics. It also studies the interactions among these individuals and firms. One of the primary goals of microeconomics is to examine the market mechanisms that establish relative prices among goods and services along with the allocation of limited resources among alternative uses. The failure of markets to produce effective results is also analyzed under microeconomics. There are several key areas which are studied under microeconomics such as demand, supply and equilibrium, measurement of elasticities, consumer demand theory, theory of production, and cost of production. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of microeconomics and its fundamental elements. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further. It will also help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch.
Susceptibility in Development
Susceptibility in Development offers a novel approach to understanding power in development through theories of affect and emotion. Development agents - people tasked with designing or delivering development - are susceptible to being affected in ways that may derail or threaten their 'sense of self'. This susceptibility is in direct relation to the capacity of others to engender feelings in development agents: an overlooked form of power. Susceptibility in Development proposes a new analytical framework to enable new readings of power relations and their consequences for development. Susceptibility in Development offers a comparative ethnography of two types of local development agents: volunteers in a community development program in Medan, Indonesia, and women municipal councillors in Dehradun, India. Ethnographic accounts that are attentive to the emotions and affects engendered in encounters between individuals provide a fresh reading of the relations shaping local development. Local development agents may be more 'susceptible' than workers and volunteers from the global North, yet the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected orders relations and shapes outcomes of development more broadly. In theorising from the local, Susceptibility in Development offers fresh insights into power dynamics in development.
Economics: Theories and Applied Principles
Economics is a social science which is concerned with the production, consumption and distribution of goods and services. The working of an economy and the interaction of economic agents are the key focus areas of economics. Economics has two major branches, macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics deals with the structure, behavior, performance and decision making of an economy as a whole. Microeconomics analyses the interaction among individuals and firms in making decision regarding the allocation of scarce resources. It focuses on individual agents and markets. Some of the other areas of study within economics are positive economics, normative economics, applied economics, Keynesian economics, economic system, rational economics and behavioral economics. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts of economics. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.
Country Risk
Country risk has been a key notion for economists, financiers, and investors. Norbert Gaillard defines this notion as "any macroeconomic, microeconomic, financial, social, political, institutional, judiciary, climatic, technological, or sanitary risk that affects (or could affect) an investor in a foreign country. Damages may materialize in several ways: financial losses; threat to the safety of the investing company's employees, clients, or consumers; reputational damage; or loss of a market or supply source."Chapter 1 introduces the key concepts. Chapter 2 investigates how country risk has evolved and manifested since the advent of the Pax Britannica in 1816. It describes the international political and economic environment and identifies the main obstacles to foreign investment. Chapter 3 documents the numerous forms that country risk may take and provides illustrations of them. Seven broad components of country risk are scrutinized in turn: international political risks; domestic political and institutional risks; jurisdiction risks; macroeconomic risks; microeconomic risks; sanitary, health, industrial, and environmental risks; and natural and climate risks. Chapter 4 focuses on sovereign risk. It presents the rating methodologies used by four raters; next, it measures and compares their performance (i.e., their ability to forecast sovereign defaults). Chapter 5 studies the risks likely to affect exporters, importers, foreign creditors of corporate entities, foreign shareholders, and foreign direct investors. It presents the rating methodologies used by seven raters and measures their track records in terms of anticipating eight types of shocks that reflect the main components of country risk analyzed in Chapter 3.This book will be most relevant to graduate students in economics as well as professional economists and international investors.
Contemporary Issues in Business, Economics and Finance
This special edition of Contemporary Studies in Economics and Financial Analysis offers a selection of carefully curated chapters from invited participants in the International Applied Social Science Congress 4-6 April 2019. In these chapters, expert authors tackle issues across a variety of economic and financial disciplines. Chapters include: the role of bankruptcy risk prediction in assuring the financial performance of Romanian industrial capitals; the effects of female employment on economic growth; perceived exchange rates and exchange rate management techniques; the European Union's anti-discrimination laws in sport; bank stability in Latvia; and many more. With vigorous academic rigour, the authors and editors to this volume bring to life a wide variety of economic and financial discussions, from theory to practice. For any financial or economic researcher, student, or practitioner, this is an unmissable volume of research.
Transformation of Strategic Alliances in Emerging Markets
Transformations of Strategic Alliances in Emerging Markets Volume II deals with changes in strategic alliances in the complex settings of European emerging markets. It includes 40 years' worth of data as it makes an in depth study of the changes in education, networks, work performance and environmental factors.
The General Economic Theory
This book develops a general economic theory that integrates various economic theories and ideas and establishes important relationships between economic variables that are not formally recognized in the economic literature. The author demonstrates how the basic model is integrated with neoclassical growth theory, Walrasian general equilibrium theory, and Ricardian distribution theory, and how these theories can be incorporated through a single set of equations with a microeconomic basis. The book offers new insights into income and wealth distribution between heterogeneous households, racial and national differences in growth and development, interdependence between different stock variables with portfolio choices among different markets. It will appeal to scholars of economists interested in an integrative theoretical approach to this discipline.
Transformation of Strategic Alliances in Emerging Markets
Transformations of Strategic Alliances in Emerging Markets: Volume I, deals with changes in strategic alliances in the complex settings of European emerging markets. It includes 40 years' worth of data in its in-depth study of the changes in education, networks, work performance, and environmental factors in European transition region.
Making Social Spending Work
How does social spending relate to economic growth and which countries have got this right and wrong? Peter Lindert examines the experience of countries across the globe to reveal what has worked, what needs changing, and who the winners and losers are under different systems. He traces the development of public education, health care, pensions, and welfare provision, and addresses key questions around intergenerational inequality and fiscal redistribution, the returns to investment in human capital, how to deal with an aging population, whether migration is a cost or a benefit, and how social spending differs in autocracies and democracies. The book shows that what we need to do above all is to invest more in the young from cradle to career, and shift the burden of paying for social insurance away from the workplace and to society as a whole.
The Wealth of Religions
How religious beliefs and practices can influence the wealth of nations Which countries grow faster economically--those with strong beliefs in heaven and hell or those with weak beliefs in them? Does religious participation matter? Why do some countries experience secularization while others are religiously vibrant? In The Wealth of Religions, Rachel McCleary and Robert Barro draw on their long record of pioneering research to examine these and many other aspects of the economics of religion. Places with firm beliefs in heaven and hell measured relative to the time spent in religious activities tend to be more productive and experience faster growth. Going further, there are two directions of causation: religiosity influences economic performance and economic development affects religiosity. Dimensions of economic development--such as urbanization, education, health, and fertility--matter too, interacting differently with religiosity. State regulation and subsidization of religion also play a role. The Wealth of Religions addresses the effects of religious beliefs on character traits such as work ethic, thrift, and honesty; the Protestant Reformation and its long-term effects on education and religious competition; Communism's suppression of and competition with religion; the effects of Islamic laws and regulations on the functioning of markets and, hence, on the long-term development of Muslim countries; why some countries have state religions; analogies between religious groups and terrorist organizations; the violent origins of the Dalai Lama's brand of Tibetan Buddhism; and the use by the Catholic Church of saint-making as a way to compete against the rise of Protestant Evangelicals. Timely and incisive, The Wealth of Religions provides fresh insights into the vital interplay between religion, markets, and economic development.
A Planetary Economy
This book asks, how would a stable, prosperous economy of the future look if one started with a blank sheet of paper? Given that the world's economy is locked into a coevolution with nature, the urgency of this question is brought into stark relief by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic and ongoing climate change. While physical technologies to build such an economy mostly exist, the social technologies, in the form of institutions, governance and policies, do not. The development of these social technologies will necessitate a reconsideration of economic norms: in particular, what is the economy for, and what are we, as actors within it, striving for? This book integrates normative, institutional, political and economic requirements into a systematic framework to drive our present growth economy toward a future planetarian one. It outlines a suite of interrelated policies to increase the economy's material efficiency, establish a basic living standard, and reform the money system, while along the way eliminating economic debt and balancing government budgets. The framework and policies together form a paradigm of market planetarianism: the idea that the power of markets may be used to steer the economy toward a desired long-term goal. The methodological aspects of this paradigm are covered in the companion volume, Economics of a Crowded Planet.
Between Empire and Globalization
This book provides a rigorously chronological journey through the economic history of modern Spain, always with an eye opened to what happens in the international economy and a focus on economic policy making and institutional change. It shows the central theme of the Spanish economy from the late 18th century to the early 21st century is the painful transformation from being a major imperial power to a small nation and later a member of the European Community and a player in a globalized economy. It looks in detail at two major issues - economic growth and convergence or divergence to the Western European pattern- and the permanent tension between the two when assessing historical experience since the industrial revolution. This book proposes new visions of the economic past of Spain and provides comparisons over time and space, which will be of interest to academics and students of economic history, European economic history and more specifically Spanish economichistory.
Economic Theory in the 21st Century
"Criticism of capitalism" - is it really politically fair and theoretically sound to address important politico-economic issues of our time by use of a terminology that still stems from the times of the Cold War? Money is the other topic. "Toward gold throng all, To gold cling all, Yes, all!" In times of money, which is intrinsically worthless and may therefore be provided in arbitrary amounts by a society, is it really adequate that we still (like Goethe did for gold) regard these petty paper slips as the scarcest resource of them all? In this book, Kaiser provides the reader with surprisingly new insights into the fascinating phenomena of capital and money.
The Effect of Food and Energy Security on Political Stability
Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 10, University of Marburg (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics Economics & Institutions), language: English, abstract: Since both food security and energy security are countries' strategic objective, this study typically advocates a deep understanding of the concept of political stability to incorporate food and energy security as a new pillar of conflict management based on an empirical understanding of the nexus and its effect. We used food deficit as proxy for food security and energy imports for energy security from the World Bank database. Using the panel fixed effect method on data for more than 150 countries from 2008 to 2016, we identified a highly significant positive effect of economic growth, tourism and high institutional quality on stability. Destabilizing factors were also detected such as corruption and arable land scarcity. The negative effect of food insecurity was illustrated after the introduction of the squared term of food deficit. Energy imports also have a destabilizing effect. These results for the effect of food and energy security effect holds robust to various control of other determinants in our regression. This study calls for more attention to the energy and food strategy within a country. Keeping peace and stability in the world will require development effort and technological exchange between countries in terms of food strategy and renewable energy plans. These measures will boost economic growth and improve the quality of institutions which will help fighting corruption.
Wie tragen die europ瓣ische und deutsche KI-Strategie zur Technologiediffusion in der Automobilbranche bei? Potentiale der K羹nstlichen Intelligenz f羹r die deutsche Wirtschaft
K羹nstliche Intelligenz gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Um ihre Potentiale zu nutzen und den Einsatz der KI in Europa aktiv zu gestalten, hat die Europ瓣ische Union im April 2018 eine KI-Strategie verabschiedet. Ziel ist unter anderem, die Investition zu erh繹hen und einen ethischen und rechtlichen Rahmen zu gew瓣hrleisten. Inwieweit beeinflussen die deutsche und europ瓣ische KI-Strategie den technologischen Fortschritt? Wovon h瓣ngt eine erfolgreiche Technologiediffusion im Bereich der k羹nstlichen Intelligenz ab? Welche Potentiale erwachsen deutschen Automobilunternehmen aus der KI-Strategie? Jannis Stegmann untersucht den Beitrag der Beitrag der deutschen und europ瓣ischen K羹nstliche-Intelligenz-Strategie zur Technologiediffusion, wobei er insbesondere auf die Automobilbranche eingeht. Er zeigt sowohl, welche Vorteile der deutschen Wirtschaft aus dem Strategieplan erwachsen, als auch, welche Schwachstellen es gibt. Aus dem Inhalt: - Innovation; - Machine Learning; - Autonomes Fahren; - Smarte Fabriken; - Technology-Push-Ansatz
The Modern Portuguese Economy in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
This book offers insights into the behaviour of the Portuguese economy in relation to economic growth from the twentieth century to the present. How did the 1891-92 crisis and World Wars impact Portugal economically? How did the Portuguese economy behave during the 'Golden Age' of economic growth in postwar Europe? What have the effects of the European Monetary Union been? Amaral examines long-running trends in the development of the modern Portuguese economy in order to help us understand various growth phases of the modern period. This title is important reading for economic historians and economists researching economic growth, crises, stablisation and monetary unions.
The Automotive Industry and European Integration
This book chronicles the divergent growth trends in car production in Belgium and Spain. It delves into how European integration, high wages, and the demise of GM and Ford led to plant closings in Belgium. Next, it investigates how lower wages and the expansion strategies of Western European automakers stimulated expansion in the Spanish auto industry. Finally, it offers three alternate scenarios regarding how further EU expansion and Brexit may potentially reshape the geographic footprint of European car production over the next ten years. In sum, this book utilizes history to help expand the knowledge of scholars and policymakers regarding how European integration and Brexit may impact future auto industry investment for all EU nations.
Inequality, Output-Inflation Trade-Off and Economic Policy Uncertainty
1. Introduction Part 1 Income inequality and GDP Growth and inflation regime2. Income inequality and GDP growth nexus in South Africa: Does the 4.5 percent consumer price inflation threshold and other channels play a role?3. Does the inflation rate below 4.5 percent matter for the distributional effects of positive inflation shocks on income inequality in South Africa?Part 2 Inequality and monetary policy4. Does income inequality channel impact the transmission of monetary policy shocks to economic activity? 5. Do monetary policy shocks influence income inequality dynamics in South Africa?6. Does trade openness impact the link between monetary policy and both income inequality and consumption inequality?7. Does financial globalisation impact the link between monetary policy and income inequality?Part 3 Role of monetary channel in transmitting shocks to income inequality8. Does monetary policy impact the effects of shares of manufacturing employment shocks on income inequality?9. Is there a role for the monetary policy channel in transmitting positive shocks to the services sector employment shares to income inequality?Part 4: Consumption inequality10. Does the consumption inequality channel impact the transmission of positive income inequality shocks to credit dynamics in South Africa? Insights before 2009Q111. Does price stability impact the link between income inequality and consumption inequality?Part 5: Macroprudential policy and income inequality12. Do positive excess capital adequacy ratio shocks influence the income inequality dynamics in South Africa?13. Does a loose loan to value ratio shock have any distributive effects via the inequality channel?14. Is the National Credit Act a driver of growth of income inequality?15. Can an unexpected loosening in labour market reforms reduce growth of income inequality in South Africa?Part 6: Bank concentration and income inequality and other channels16. Do positive bank concentration shocks impact economic growth in South Africa?17. Does the increase in banking concentration impact income inequality in South Africa?18. Do positive bank concentration shocks impact on employment in South Africa?Part 7: Output-inflation trade-off and role of inflation regimes19. Is there evidence of the trade offs in output and inflation volatilities in South Africa?20. To what extent does output-inflation trade-off exist in South Africa and is it impacted by the six percent inflation threshold?21. Do inflation regimes affect the transmission of nominal demand shocks to the consumer price level?22. Do positive nominal volatility shocks reduce output-inflation trade off and is there a role for inflation regimes?Part 8: Output growth persistence and inflation23. Does the persistence of output growth depend on the inflation regimes?24. Do the effects of expansionary monetary policy shocks on output persistence depend on the inflation regimes?25. Output and policy ineffectiveness proposition: A perspective from single regression equationsPart 9: Uncertainty, expansionary monetary and fiscal policy multipliers26. Does the economic policy uncertainty channel impact the influence of expansionar
Weg Vom ?l
Wir alle wissen, dass die Wirtschaft von fossilen auf nachwachsende Rohstoffe umsteigen muss. Um diese gewaltige und komplexe Aufgabe zu bew瓣ltigen, sollen zuk羹nftig Energie, Treibstoffe, Kunststoffe und Chemieprodukte durch Methoden der Bio繹konomie produziert werden. n vielen F瓣llen ist eine biobasierte Herstellung bereits heute m繹glich und einige biobasierte Produkte sind schon lange auf dem Markt; allerdings ist ihr Anteil noch viel zu gering. In diesem Buch erfahren Sie, weshalb der ?bergang zur Bio繹konomie derart langsam verl瓣uft (und sich so schwierig gestaltet), welche Rolle die Bio繹konomie langfristig spielen kann und wie der Umstieg gelingt. Woran liegt es, dass die Wirtschaft angesichts des Klimawandels nicht schneller auf biobasierte Produkte umstellt? K繹nnen wir 羹berhaupt gen羹gend nachwachsende Rohstoffe produzieren? Welches Potential steckt in Abfall- und Reststoffen? Unterst羹tzen die politischen Rahmenbedingungen die Rohstoffwende? Was kommt auf dieLand- und Forstwirtschaft, den Energiesektor, die Chemieindustrie, die Abfallwirtschaft zu? Wie sind St瓣dte, l瓣ndliche R瓣ume und die industrielle Infrastruktur betroffen? Das Buch stellt sich diesen komplexen Fragen und diskutiert die Bedingungen f羹r eine 繹konomisch, 繹kologisch und sozial nachhaltige Bio繹konomie in Deutschland.
Transforming Urban-Rural Water Linkages Into High-Quality Investments
This publication describes and discusses the urban-rural water linkages (URWLs) approach to restoring river health in degraded environments. It emphasizes how the approach tackles issues relevant to land use, water withdrawal, and pollution. The URWL approach can be effectively embedded into the project design to maximize the benefits of investment projects, which are aimed at restoring degraded river environment and uplifting the livelihood of the people dependent on such ecosystem. In this regard, the publication makes a case for how it can be applied generally across ADB's developing member countries.
China’s Macroeconomic Outlook
This report is a partial result of the China's Quarterly Macroeconomic Model (CQMM), a project developed and maintained by the Center for Macroeconomic Research (CMR) at Xiamen University. The CMR, one of the Key Research Institutes of Humanities and Social Sciences sponsored by the Ministry of Education of China, has been focusing on China's economic forecast and macroeconomic policy analysis, and it started to develop the CQMM for purpose of short-term forecasting, policy analysis, and simulation in 2005.Based on the CQMM, the CMR and its partners hold press conferences to release forecasts for China's major macroeconomic variables. Since July, 2006, twenty-six quarterly reports on China's macroeconomic outlook have been presented and thirteen annual reports have been published. This report, the twenty-sixth quarterly report, has been presented at the Forum on China's Macroeconomic Outlook and Press Conference of CQMMon February 26, 2019. This conference was jointly held at Beijing by the CMR and the Economic Information Daily at Xinhua News Agency
Indian Economy: Reforms and Development
The book presents a comprehensive study of the impact of policy reforms on output, employment, and productivity growth across sectors of India since 1991. It showcases varied responses from different sectors as they faced different degrees of policy interventions, and challenges or opportunities as regards markets, technology, and availability of skills and other complementary resources. The book also discusses the contributions of the service sector on India's GDP and employment. The book throws light on the phenomena of rising inequality and persistent poverty which continues to shadow and be a hallmark of post-reform India, despite high economic growth. It underlines the failure of these reforms to bring about major change in social and economic organizations and institutions. The book's contents stress on the criticality of addressing these issues as they have a serious potential of jeopardizing the country's ability to maintain high growth momentum. With thesepertinent topics, the book would be of interest not only to the research community, but also to policy makers and practitioners of various sectors addressed here.
Equity Index Construction and Research on Wealth Gap
This book constructs a Chinese Social Equality Index-the Mongoose Social Equality Index-with the wealth gap index as its core, and the legal equality index, the socio-cultural equality index, and the financial equality index as its supplement. The book focuses on the influence of the wealth gap on economic and social issues. Empirical research shows that there are three turning points in the influence of the wealth gap index on economic growth: discrepancy turning point, golden turning point and destructive turning point. Based on the latest data，the current expected wealth gap index in China has surpassed the destructive point. This means that wealth brought about by economic growth will largely go to the rich, which aggravates inequality and even brings forth a potential economic recession. Meanwhile, the index also indicates that, as the Chinese economy develops, social equality has been on a noticeable decline. This book will be of interest to economists, China watchers, and political scientists
Pay Flexibility in an Ageing Workforce. A Model of Pay for the German Building Trade
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2018 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: keine, University of Gloucestershire, language: English, abstract: Starting from the demographic change, the average age of work team members in the German building trade is expected to increase in the following decades. The findings of this study show that the performance of work teams also change due to a higher average age in organizations. The changes are not uniformly positive or negative; sometimes they are even contradictory. Some relevant theories and models demonstrate that performance and pay are in a causal relationship. They affect each other or are in mutual dependence. The data analysis of the expert interviews and focus groups carried out in twelve different business types from the building trade has revealed that a change in performance does not trigger necessarily an adaptation in pay. An adaptation of pay could prove if it reduces or compensates a possible negative impact of a higher average age on team performance in work teams. The Four-dimensions-model of pay flexibility which is developed by the researcher based on the results and the findings of this study identifies the different fields of action distributed on four dimensions. The model is based on the current pay conditions of the German building trade and represents a new approach to pay. It has been worked out that pay flexibility can be expanded based on the existing conditions and has to be built up on new structures which consider the demographic change. The model is broadly set up and takes into account the individual and contractual as well as collective and market-oriented dimensions. As the German building trade is traditionally not a pioneer in future-oriented change processes it is a challenge to implement the Four-dimensions-model of pay flexibility in this trade. The establishment of the model in practice aims to preserve the competitiveness and increases the attr
Doing Business in Chile and Peru
Blazing the way towards freer commerce with more dynamic economies, Chile and Peru are paving the way for the Latin American penetration of the Asian markets, and the welcoming of important imported goods from the East. With its unique mix of theory, historical discussion, case studies, and contemporary analysis and prospection, this book offers a comprehensive look at the business environment in Chile and Peru. It examines how data analytics will affect the management of businesses in these two countries and how they can close the innovation gap. It also investigates the effects of past and recent corruption scandals on economic development. The book provides a solid grounding on the historical, economic, social, and political impacts of trade and business in this region and identifies the key drivers of Latin American economic growth and development. Further, the authors look forward to the rising trends that outline the futureof business and commerce between these two prospering economies, the rest of Latin America, and the world. This book is aimed at scholars and researchers who seek to learn more about the changing focus and interests of Latin America, the shift away from the Atlantic economies towards the Pacific powerhouses, and the implications and opportunities this poses for American business interests.
Teaching Economics
This book looks at a number of topics in economic education, presenting multiple perspectives from those in the field to anyone interested in teaching economics. Using anecdotes, classroom experiments and surveys, the contributing authors show that, with some different or new techniques, teaching economics can be more engaging for students and help them better retain what they learned. Chapters cover a wide range of approaches to teaching economics, from interactive approaches such as utilizing video games and Econ Beats, to more rigorous examinations of government policies, market outcomes and exploring case studies from specific courses. Many of the chapters incorporate game theory and provide worked out examples of games designed to help students with intuitive retention of the material, and these games can be replicated in any economics classroom. While the exercises are geared towards college-level economics students, instructors can draw inspiration for course lectures from the various approaches taken here and utilize them at any level of teaching. This book will be very useful to instructors in economics interested in bringing innovative teaching methods into the classroom.
Contemporary Consumption, Consumers and Marketing
Contemporary Consumption, Consumers and Marketing: Cases from Generations Y and Z explores current consumer, consumption and marketing cases and issues, posing questions that complement, extend and challenge established marketing theory while keeping in mind megatrends such as climate crisis, economic inequality and digital connectivity. It also considers how such major changes affect consumer societies, cultures and individuals, especially those from Generations Y and Z. Each chapter is built around a theme that encapsulates current theoretical and professional debates around consumption, consumers and marketing. Examples and up-to-date case studies throughout the book explore how brands are adapting to current circumstances across Generations X, Y and Z and investigate the state of marketing at a time of flux. This book is essential reading for undergraduates, postgraduates and practitioners interested in marketing and consumer behaviour.
