Climate EconomicsA Call for More Pluralism and Responsibility
This book is a philosophical critique of the economics of climate change from both an ethical and philosophy of economics perspective. Mitigating climate change is not so much a scientific problem, but rather a political, social and above all an economic problem. A future without greenhouse gas emissions requires a radical transformation towards a sustainable low-carbon economy and society. How this transformation could be achieved raises numerous economic questions. Many of these questions remain untouched, although economists are equipped with a suitable toolkit and expertise. This book argues that economists have a social responsibility to carry out more research on how global warming could be stopped and that, ultimately, economic analysis of climate change must be a political economic approach that treats the economy as part of a wider social system. This approach will be of interest to policy makers, educators, students and researchers in support of more pluralism in economic research and teaching.
Convergence Clubs in Labor Productivity and Its Proximate Sources
Testing for economic convergence across countries has been a central issue in the literature of economic growth and development. This book introduces a modern framework to study the cross-country convergence dynamics in labor productivity and its proximate sources: capital accumulation and aggregate efficiency. In particular, recent convergence dynamics of developed as well as developing countries are evaluated through the lens of a non-linear dynamic factor model and a clustering algorithm for panel data. This framework allows us to examine key economic phenomena such as technological heterogeneity and multiple equilibria. In this context, the book provides a succinct review of the recent club convergence literature, a comparative view of developed and developing countries, and a tutorial on how to implement the club convergence framework in the statistical software Stata.
Large-Dimensional Panel Data Econometrics: Testing, Estimation and Structural Changes
This book aims to fill the gap between panel data econometrics textbooks, and the latest development on "big data", especially large-dimensional panel data econometrics. It introduces important research questions in large panels, including testing for cross-sectional dependence, estimation of factor-augmented panel data models, structural breaks in panels and group patterns in panels. To tackle these high dimensional issues, some techniques used in Machine Learning approaches are also illustrated. Moreover, the Monte Carlo experiments, and empirical examples are also utilised to show how to implement these new inference methods. Large-Dimensional Panel Data Econometrics: Testing, Estimation and Structural Changes also introduces new research questions and results in recent literature in this field.
The New Imperialism
This major intellectual exploration seeks to deepen our understanding of the way in which modern capitalism works. The author argues, in particular, that it has always rested in part on the unremunerated labour of women, the non-sustainable extraction of natural resources and the racist exploitation of the non-European periphery. Robert Biel explains and illuminates how it has integrated the South into a Western-dominated system of exploitation and prevented it from making the promised transition from marginality on the periphery to prosperity at the centre. And the racist implications of this. He also explores two fundamental questions. Are there really any indications that the global economy is slowly entering a long-term structural crisis? And would any significant disruption open up opportunities for new popular movements to fundamentally challenge it? Robert Biel's work constitutes a major revitalisation of the tools of Marxism and Dependency Theory. In addition to scholars of political economy and development, it will interest activists seeking to reconstitute left politics in the age of globalisation.
Carbon Pricing in Japan
This open access book evaluates, from an economic perspective, various measures introduced in Japan to prevent climate change. Although various countries have implemented such policies in response to the pressing issue of climate change, the effectiveness of those programs has not been sufficiently compared. In particular, policy evaluations in the Asian region are far behind those in North America and Europe due to data limitations and political reasons.The first part of the book summarizes measures in different sectors in Japan to prevent climate change, such as emissions trading and carbon tax, and assesses their impact. The second part shows how those policies have changed the behavior of firms and households. In addition, it presents macro-economic simulations that consider the potential of renewable energy. Lastly, based on these comprehensive assessments, it compares the effectiveness of measures to prevent climate change in Japan and Western countries.Providing valuable insights, this book will appeal to both academic researchers and policymakers seeking cost-effective measures against climate change.
Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Social and Economic Development
Microlending programs for low-income microentrepreneurs have become a global priority since the development of the Grameen Bank in 1976 and the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations in 2015. Inspired to create their own microlending program, the deans of the schools of social welfare and business at the University at Albany were aided by the university's Small Business Development Center and the State Employees Federal Credit Union. This led to the creation of the Small Enterprise Economic Development (SEED) program. Following this, new faculty were hired in the School of Social Welfare and the School of Business to address social entrepreneurship and lead these initiatives. The impetus for this book emerged from these developments including three forums in which national and international contributors participated in workshops, panels, and chapters for this book. These forums were co-organized by the School of Social Welfare, the School of Business, and a new Center for the Advancement & Understanding of Social Enterprises (CAUSE) at UAlbany. Building on the example set by UAlbany, Social Entrepreneurship and Enterprises in Economic and Social Development explains how and why we should integrate social entrepreneurship and social enterprises with economic and social development. While this global movement varies in pace and scope, the volume features snapshots from countries and regions representing nearly all continents, including Albania, Argentina, Cuba, India, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Taiwan, Tajikistan, and Tanzania. One of the lessons is that social policies are critical for supporting social entrepreneurs since environmental, economic, and social sustainability are core goals of these initiatives. The chapters in this volume offer different contextual frames ranging from social enterprise business plans and measured entrepreneurial orientation to displacement dynamics (and how to avoid them) and the pitfalls of non-market economies. The contributing authors examine a variety of ventures and social policies to showcase how nations are supporting social enterprises as they attempt to meet human needs and achieve financial sustainability. The resulting volume provides a rationale for, and snapshots of, social enterprises and entrepreneurship in transitioning nations.
Coronavirus Outbreak and the Great Lockdown
Introduction.- Pandemics and Economic Crisis.- Impact of COVID-19 on Global Economy.- Plummeting Oil Prices and Oil Demand.- Major Stock Markets of the World: An Overview.- Literature Review.- Objectives and Methodology of the Study.- Analysis and Findings.- Conclusion.
China: Surpassing the "middle Income Trap"
This open access book explores one of the most fiercely debated issues in China: if and how China will surpass the middle income trap that has plagued many developing countries for years. This book gives readers a clear picture of China today and acts as a reference for other developing countries.China is facing many setbacks and experiencing an economic slowdown in recent years due to some serious issues, and income inequality is one such issue deferring China's development potential by creating a middle income trap. This book thoroughly investigates both the unpromising factors and favorable conditions for China to overcome the trap. It illustrates that traps may be encountered at any stage of development and argues that political stability is the prerequisite to creating a favorable environment for economic development and addressing this "middle income trap".Written by one of China's central planners, this book offers precious insights into the industrial policies that are transforming China and the world and will be of interest to China scholars, economists and political scientists.
Protecting Foreign Investment
Despite the mounting criticism that globalization is encountering, the developed countries continue to lose no opportunity to change the rules of the global economy in their favour, regardless of the impact on developing countries and the poor. This book examines one of the most important instances of this: the rich countries' insistence that the WTO not only launch a new round of world trade negotiations, but that rules which were supposed to be confined to trade issues now be extended by means of new agreements protecting foreign direct investment. What is being proposed would be at the expense of the freedom of developing countries to determine their own policies towards foreign capital in tune with their development policy objectives. The two authors of this book have an intimate knowledge of WTO negotiating processes. They explain in detail the North's relentless determination to give privileged protection to the overseas investments of its transnational corporations. These initiatives have included, inter alia, the OECD's failed MAI initiative, the World Bank-sponsored Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and Agreement on Trade-related Investment Measures (TRIMS). The authors spell out their consequences for developing countries. They examine whether there is any real case for a new multilateral framework on investment within the WTO. And they propose various options for developing countries to resist what amounts to a new form of Western protectionism, including how a development dimension could be incorporated in any new agreement, should the member countries of the WTO decide to proceed with negotiations. This book provides invaluable information and analysis for diplomats and trade negotiators, policy makers and scholars, as well as civil society activists concerned with the impact of TNC investments on development.
Islamic Economic Systems
This major new study examines the central tenets of Islamic economics, both in theory and in practice. The authors pinpoint the uniqueness of the Islamic approach, both in its conception of the world's resources and in its attitude to human endeavour. Their book illuminates the distinctive nature of an economics which is based neither on meeting the demands of the individual consumer, nor on increasing the level of general welfare, but on maximising the pleasure of God. The different schools of Islamic thought are then compared and their interpretations analysed in terms of their approaches to plan and market, centralisation and decentralisation, property rights, profit and social obligation. A detailed historical survey follows of the experience of four very different Muslim countries: Libya, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran. The authors examine how the implementation of Islamic economic solutions has worked out in reality, often in the context of a tense political situation. They look at the practicality of such solutions in the present day, assessing both their economic performance and their success in guiding society towards the Islamic ideal. The book as a whole allows the reader to grasp the multifarious nature of Islamic thought in economic matters, its contradictory and often contentious character, and the uses to which Islam has been put by governments with clearly diverse aims. Students of economics and of the Middle East will find it a useful guide to the new terms in which an old and fierce debate is being conducted.
Gentlemen Capitalists
The period when the British were establishing political and commercial hegemony in Southeast Asia also saw the foundation of the present-day "Asian-tiger" economies. This book aims to show the importance of London capitalist interest, the vital role played by Indian capitalist and merchants in Southeast Asia and the importance of growing Chinese community as intermediaries between British and indigenous merchants. The author traces the steps leading to the consolidation of British interest including the acquisition of Penang, the results of a major war with European powers up to 1815, the growth of British and Indian industrial and commercial interest, the establishment of Singapore, the settlement of Anglo-Dutch relations, the expansion of British colonial administration and also "informal empire" in various Malay states, Sarawak and Siam and the conclusion of the Anglo-Burmese wars.
Reimagining Growth
Neoclassical economic theory and development economics have failed to deliver the much higher rates of growth and overall development that they promised would result from the freeing up of markets. This book takes issue with the nostrums that underlie free market policies in both developing countries and the rich industrial nations. The contributors want to rethink economics as a discipline and development as a process. Economics needs to redefine many of its concepts to reflect the complex realities of functioning economies. And development needs to be reconceived as a process of social change, in which each country's particular history and institutional workings take centre stage. They point the way to a much more sophisticated understanding of economic development. The ultimate prize, if theory can be grounded in a more accurate analysis of social change, is policies that really will deliver higher economic growth and greater social justice worldwide.
Jpmorgan's Fall and Revival
Uncovers Morgan's transformation with detailed interviews from former senior executives Offers an insider account of what transpired before J.P. Morgan merged with Chase Tells the story of JPMorgan against the backdrop of a larger U.S. banking consolidation era in the 1980s and 90s
Macro-Economics
The gender approach is entering mainstream economics. The discipline is increasingly examining macro-economic theories and policies in the light of their differential impacts on men and women. This volume, with its wide-ranging theoretical explorations and specific case studies, seeks to make a contribution to this process. This book makes clear that systematic gender biases are present at all levels - in institutions, markets and the household - and presents options for introducing social structures to the macro-economic agenda. The intention is to offer a new framework that brings economic theory and policy-making closer to the circumstances and motivations of real life economic agents. The contributors cover three broad areas - macro-economics and gender, gender and the state, and the institutionalisation of gender considerations in national and international organizations. Using original empirical material, in particular from Latin American countries, they explore a wide range of key issues. These include the gender-differentiated effects of economic policy and public spending decisions; unpaid household labour and its measurement; gender statistics; gender equality in planning and public policy; and the notion of economies as gendered structures. With backgrounds in a variety of disciplines, the authors go beyond a theoretical debate and place the practical realities of policy making centre stage. Their work should be relevant to development research and activity worldwide, while being particularly valuable in its emphasis on how state reform processes can advance a democratic development for women and men on equal terms.
An Introduction to the Wto Agreements
The World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor to GATT, is rapidly establishing itself as the third pillar of the Bretton Woods institutions alongside the World Bank and the IMF. The prolonged international negotiations which led to its establishment have produced a complex set of agreements which not only constitute the most profound revision of the rules governing world trade, but extend these rules into a range of issues and economic sectors not hitherto regarded as falling within its ambit. This book, by an author who was intimately involved in the Uruguay Round which led to the creation of the WTO, is an indispensable and concise explanation of what the WTO agreements actually provide for. It deals with the full range of technical provisions and issues, explaining where necessary the background, terms involved, and implications of the new provisions. Together with its companion volume which criticizes the Agreements from the point of the view of the developing countries, it provides public officials, NGO leaders and economists in general with an essential explanation of the new rules governing world trade.
Aid to Armenia
Interventions on behalf of Armenia and Armenians have come to be identified by scholars and practitioners alike as defining moments in the history of humanitarianism. This volume reassesses these claims, critically examining a range of interventions by governments, international and diasporic organizations, and individuals that aimed to 'save Armenians'. Drawing on perspectives from a range of disciplines, the chapters trace the evolution of these interventions from the late-nineteenth to the present day, paying particular attention to the aftermaths of the genocide and the upheavals of the post-Soviet period. Geographically, the contributions connect diverse spaces and places - the Caucasus, Russia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, South America, and Australia - revealing shifting transnational networks of aid and intervention. These chapters are followed by reflections from leading scholars in the fields of refugee history and Armenian history, Peter Gatrell and Ronald Grigor Suny. Aid to Armenia not only offers an innovative exploration into the history of Armenia and Armenians and the history of humanitarianism, but it provides a platform for practitioners to think critically about contemporary humanitarian questions facing Armenia, the South Caucasus region and the wider Armenian diaspora.
Rethinking Markets in Modern India
To people operating in India's economy, actually existing markets are remarkably different from how planners and academics conceive them. From the outside, they appear as demarcated arenas of exchange bound by state-imposed rules. As historical and social realities, however, markets are dynamic, adaptative, and ambiguous spaces. This book delves into this intricate context, exploring Indian markets through the competition and collaboration of those who frame and participate in markets. Anchored in vivid case studies - from colonial property and advertising milieus to today's bazaar and criminal economies - this volume underlines the friction and interdependence between commerce, society, and state. Contributors from history, anthropology, political economy, and development studies synthesize existing scholarly approaches, add new perspectives on Indian capitalism's evolution, and reveal the transactional specificities that underlie the real-world functioning of markets.
Islamic Economics as Mesoscience
This book presents the building blocks of Islamic economics as meso-science, offering an in-depth study of the Qur'anic worldview of the monotheistic unity of knowledge, which is the universal and unique message of Tawhid in the Qur'an. This primal ontological premise is formalised in an analytical approach that introduces and unpacks the philosophical concepts of ontology, epistemology, and phenomenology in relation to the Tawhidi methodological worldview. The analysis of Qur'anic logical consistency is then cast in a phenomenological perspective by applying the complete model of the unity of knowledge of the Qur'an in a specific study of the Tawhidi methodological approach to Islamic financial-economic theory. In doing so, it tackles the problems of meso-economics given its socio-scientific holism in world affairs. It hones in on the results of the symbiotic modulation of evolutionary learning processes in the world system of the unity of knowledge and its material embedding across knowledge, and knowledge-induced space and time dimensions. The author poses that Shari'ah is only partial in its scope, and excludes an analytical methodological worldview. Shari'ah is thus cast in the midst of a meso-socio-scientific absence of any appertaining methodology. The book is a landmark work in the conceptual and applied understanding of Tawhid as the methodological worldview of the monotheistic unity of knowledge in the meso-socio-scientific realm of 'everything', particularised to Islamic economics. Adopting an inter-disciplinary view integrating various fields, it challenges pervasive Western academic and institutional thinking in terms of economics. It will be of interest to students and researchers in Islamic economics, religious theory, Islamic philosophy, development studies, and finance.
Deglobalization
How to manage the global economy - and, more fundamentally, whether humanity wishes it to go in an ever more market-oriented, transnational corporation-dominated, and capital-footloose direction - is the most important international question of our time. In this short and trenchant history of those bodies -- the World Bank, IMF, WTO, and Group of Seven -- which have promoted this economic globalization, Walden Bello: - Points to their manifest failings; - Examines the major new ideas put forward for reforming the management of the world economy; - Argues for a much more fundamental shift towards a decentralized, pluralistic system of global economic governance allowing countries to follow development strategies sensitive to their own values and particular mix of constraints and opportunities.
In the Way of Development
Indigenous peoples today are enmeshed in the expanding modern economy, subject to the pressures of both market and government. This book takes indigenous peoples as actors, not victims, as its starting point in analysing this interaction. It assembles a rich diversity of statements, case studies and wider thematic explorations, primarily from North America, and particularly the Cree, the Haudenausaunee (Iroquois) and Chippewa-Ojibwe peoples who straddle the US/Canadian border, but also from South America and the former Soviet Union. It explores the complex relationships between indigenous peoples, civil society, and the environment. It shows how the boundaries between indigenous peoples' organizations, civil society, the state, markets, development and the environment are ambiguous and constantly changing. These complexities create both opportunities and threats for local agency. People resist or react to the pressures of market and state, while sustaining 'life projects' of their own, embodying their own local history, visions and strategies.
African Renaissance
Fantu Cheru attempts to shed new light on the topic of economic development in Africa. He roots his wide-ranging arguments firmly in the actual realities of what is going on in Africa --the practical lessons to be learned from both mistakes made and the initiatives which have born positive fruit. He argues for a middle way that goes beyond simple state-led versus market-driven approaches to Africa's development.
Hungary and Other Emerging Eu Countries in the Financial Storm
This book analyzes the banking crisis and the events surrounding it in Hungary and other emerging EU member countries in 2007-2013. Written by J繳lia Kir獺ly, a former policymaker, and the Deputy Governor of the Hungarian Central Bank at the time of the crisis, it also offers a firsthand account of the processes in and responses to the financial crisis. While there is extensive literature on the crisis, most of it focuses on the US or the Eurozone, sometimes mentioning the "emerging world" in passing. However, Central and Eastern Europe experienced the crisis very differently than other emerging countries. In the pre-crisis years, the region in accession to the EU attracted abundant fresh capital, but the seemingly unconstrained global liquidity fuelled credit bubbles. After the Lehman crisis, capital rapidly fled these countries. In this part of the world, the recession proved to be much worse than elsewhere, with double-digit growth soon turning into a double-digitdecline in GDP. Several countries had to turn to the IMF and the EU for stand-by credit. Based on her own inside experience as a top central banker, the author offers a personal yet professional analysis of the causes and consequences of the financial hurricane.
The Economy and Business Environment of Vietnam
This Palgrave Pivot provides an introduction to the economy and business environment of Vietnam, a member of the ASEAN Economic Community whose economy is rapidly growing. The introduction argues that though there may be perceived disadvantages in investing in Vietnam, there are a number of benefits as well, such as the country's openness to trade and foreign direct investment, the increasing ease of doing business there and the dynamism of the economy. The book then provides an overview of Vietnam's economic policy since 1975, covering reunification, attempts at a command economy, and finally renovation under Doi Moi Policy. Further chapters cover the expansion of the private sector, interest in foreign investment, and the peculiarities of marketing and finance in Vietnam. As an edited volume with chapters written by Vietnamese scholars across economics, history, and business, this book is critical reading for researchers studying Vietnam and other Asian economies and for businesses interested in expanding into that market.
Adam Smith in Toulouse and Occitania
Prologue.Chapter I. Two Scottish Visitors.Chapter 2.Two Scots in Toulouse.Chapter 3. Smith and the Calas Affair.Chapter 4. Smith's Journeys in the Southwest.Chapter 5. The Languedoc estates and the end of the stay.Conclusion.
Green Civilization
This book approaches Green Civilization based on the background of international initiative on sustainable development and in-depth analyzes the valuable era consensus reached by 193 countries on the UN Sustainable Development 2030 Agenda. The Author expounds own point of view to debate the well-known book Clash of Civilizations by the method of contradictory debate dialectically. In addition, it demonstrates the development of Human Green Civilization systematically by Multi-dimensional history material of human civilization. This book covers the academic, political, and business in the world. It is suitable for scholars, researchers, students and university degree readers for economics, eco-environment, political science, sociology and anthropology. It aims at promoting the realization of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, at promoting the dialogue between the East and the West, working for facilitating peace for mankind and spreading the advanced concept of sustainable human development to the people of all countries.
Equity Trading Round-Up
This book examines the complexity of trading and the creation of liquidity. Titled after the Baruch College Financial Markets Conference, Equity Market Round-Up: Proposals for Strengthening the Markets, this book explores how regulation has a clear impact on market structure and, therefore, how market structure impacts efficient trading and capital formation. The following questions are analyzed: What are the liquidity strategies for pricing and interacting? Is liquidity any more available today for an illiquid stock than it was on the floor of the exchange 20 years ago? How do we cope with the dynamics of a continuous market? How can market structure be improved? What are the effects of high frequency trading? The Zicklin School of Business Financial Markets Series presents the insights emerging from a sequence of conferences hosted by the Zicklin School at Baruch College for industry professionals, regulators, and scholars. The transcripts from the conferences are edited for clarity, perspective and context; material and comments from subsequent interviews with the panelists and speakers are included for a complete thematic presentation. Each book is focused on a well delineated topic, but all deliver broad insights into the quality and efficiency of the U.S. equity markets and the dynamic forces that are changing them.
Aiding Recovery
Worldwide more and more governments have begun to buckle under a variety of strains, including the ongoing pressures of economic crisis, followed by structural adjustment programmes, and the impact of declining legitimacy, often resulting in the outbreak of civil war. In this study of aid policy, Joanna Macrae argues that the disintegration of state authority and civil order has created acute problems in aid management. Largely ignored by major aid organizations, insecurity and failures of governance are now the major obstacles to aid reaching those in most need. International aid has traditionally assumed the existence of stable, sovereign states capable of making policy. In a number of developing countries, including post-conflict regimes like Cambodia, Uganda or Kosovo, this is no longer the case. The big donor agencies have usually responded by suspending development aid and substituting some kind of emergency or relief assistance. Now, as the author shows, there are calls to make relief more development-oriented and for it to address the underlying conflicts which causes these crises. But she concludes from her investigations on the ground in a number of countries that relief and development aid are very distinct processes. In the absence of public policy-making authorities, aid becomes highly fragmented, often inadequate in scale, and certainly not capable of building local sustainability for particular programmes. The international aid system, she concludes, faces real dilemmas and remains ill-equipped to respond to the peculiar challenges of quasi-statehood that characterize chronic political emergencies and their aftermath.
The Strategic Silence
Most treatments of economic change harbour a conceptual silence: the refusal to recognise that global restructuring is occurring on a gendered terrain. This book's unique contribution to the literature on restructuring and adjustment lies in its application of feminist scholarship to macroeconomics. The contributors focus on these conceptual silences, examining macroeconomic methods and policies in order to propose new research strategies to deliver a more gender-aware economics.
Dissident Marxism
We are witnessing the birth of a new politics -- anti-capitalist, libertarian and anti-war. But where do today's dissidents come from? Dissident Marxism argues that their roots can be found in the life and work of an earlier generation of socialist revolutionaries, including such inspiring figures as the Soviet poet Mayakovsky, the Marxist philosopher Karl Korsch, Communist historians Edward Thompson and Dona Torr, the Egyptian surrealist Georges Henein, American New Left economists Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy, advocates of Third World liberation including Walter Rodney and Samir Amin, Harry Braverman, the author of Labor and Monopoly Capital, and David Widgery, the journalist of the May '68 revolts. What these writers shared was a commitment to the values of socialism-from-below, the idea that change must be driven by the mass movements of the oppressed. In a world dominated by slump, fascism and war, they retained a commitment to total democracy. Dissident Marxism describes the left in history. Some readers will enjoy it as a history of revolutionary socialism in the years between Stalin's rise and the fall of the Berlin Wall. Others will find here a challenging thesis -- that the most enduring of left-wing traditions, and highly relevant to the times we live in today, were located in a space between the New Left and Trotskyism. Dissident Marxism explores the lives and thinking of some of the most creative and striking members of the twentieth century left, and asks if the new anti-capitalist movement might provide an opportunity for just such another left-wing generation to emerge?
Die Entwicklung des Bundeshaushaltes von 2010 bis 2020
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich BWL - Wirtschaftspolitik, Note: 1,3, Fachhochschule L羹beck, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Ausarbeitung liegt der Fokus auf der bisherigen Entwicklung des Bundeshaushaltes und seinen wichtigen Einzelpositionen zwischen den Jahren 2010 bis 2016, dem Planjahr 2017 sowie dem Bundesfinanzplan bis 2020. Nach einer thematischen Einordnung durch die Darstellung der diachronen Entfaltung der jeweiligen Bundeshaushalte und einen ersten Blick gen Finanzplan 2020 folgt die Zusammensetzung der Einnahmen- sowie Ausgabenausgabenanalyse bis 2016. Diese Untersuchung basiert auf der Methodik einer L瓣ngsschnittanalyse und dient als ?berleitung zu der Hauptbestimmung dieser Arbeit: Eine detaillierte Darlegung der gr繹?eren Positionen der Bundeshaushalte unter Ber羹cksichtigung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen und jener Herausforderungen, die die entsprechenden Bundesministerien zu bewerkstelligen haben. Diese sind neben dem Bundesministerium f羹r Arbeit und Soziales ebenso das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, das Ressort f羹r Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur, wie auch Bildung und Forschung. Letzteres wurde, obwohl nur f羹nftgr繹?ter Posten, dennoch in die Analyse der drei gr繹?ten hinzugezogen, da dieser speziell f羹r die zuk羹nftige Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik substanziell ist. Welche Richtung und Schwerpunkte hat die Bundesregierung den entsprechenden Bundesministerien in den Haushaltsplanungen vorgegeben und wie wurden diese 羹ber die Jahre erreicht respektive korreliert die Formulierung der Priorit瓣ten mit den parallel hierzu geleisteten Ausgaben und Investitionen? Gibt es auf den ersten Blick Erfolge, die eine zweite Betrachtung bed羹rfen, da unter Umst瓣nden im internationalen Vergleich das Engagement nicht ausreicht, um den hohen Anspr羹chen der Bundesrepublik zu gen羹gen? Wie wird sich, bezugnehmend auf dem Ziel der Reduzierung der gesamtstaatlichen Schuldenquote unter 60 Prozent des Bruttoinlandsproduktes bis zum
Adaptive Social Protection
Adaptive social protection (ASP) helps to build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households to the impacts of large, covariate shocks, such as natural disasters, economic crises, pandemics, conflict, and forced displacement. Through the provision of transfers and services directly to these households, ASP supports their capacity to prepare for, cope with, and adapt to the shocks they face--before, during, and after these shocks occur. Over the long term, by supporting these three capacities, ASP can provide a pathway to a more resilient state for households that may otherwise lack the resources to move out of chronically vulnerable situations. Adaptive Social Protection: Building Resilience to Shocks outlines an organizing framework for the design and implementation of ASP, providing insights into the ways in which social protection systems can be made more capable of building household resilience. By way of its four building blocks--programs, information, finance, and institutional arrangements and partnerships--the framework highlights both the elements of existing social protection systems that are the cornerstones for building household resilience, as well as the additional investments that are central to enhancing their ability to generate these outcomes. In this report, the ASP framework and its building blocks have been elaborated primarily in relation to natural disasters and associated climate change. Nevertheless, many of the priorities identified within each building block are also pertinent to the design and implementation of ASP across other types of shocks, providing a foundation for a structured approach to the advancement of this rapidly evolving and complex agenda.
Deep Into The Bitcoin Rabbit Hole
Are you sick and tired of seeing inflation eat away at your buying power, while at the same time making the Rich get richer and the Poor get poorer? If so, do you want to learn more about Bitcoin? In this easy to understand, resource-filled book, Damon L Johnson guides you through his personal 26-month journey into the world of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency. He encourages early adoption of Bitcoin, as a way to thrive within the rising digital asset economy. In this book, you will discover: The 7 Superpowers of BitcoinThe Bitcoin communityBasic history and origin of Bitcoin3 problematic issues facing mass adoption of Bitcoin3 Key solutions to level the playing field in the 21st century digital asset economyAfter you have read this book and download the free companion guide, Rabbit Hole Resource Guide, you will be able to empower yourselves to choose whether you want to be a part of the "Haves", and experience the exponential wealth creation that Bitcoin and digital finance will create, or you can choose to be a part of the "Have Nots", and let your early adopter advantage expire as you live with the current status quo. With this introduction and education to Bitcoin, the choice is yours.Get this book now and unlock the benefits of being a Bitcoin early adopter.
More from Less
From the coauthor of the New York Times bestseller The Second Machine Age, a paradigm-shifting argument "full of fascinating information and provocative insights" (Publishers Weekly, starred review)--demonstrating that we are increasing prosperity while using fewer natural resources. Throughout history, the only way for humanity to grow was by degrading the Earth: chopping down forests, polluting the air and water, and endlessly using up resources. Since the first Earth Day in 1970, the focus has been on radically changing course: reducing our consumption, tightening our belts, and learning to share and reuse. Is that argument correct? Absolutely not. In More from Less, McAfee argues that to solve our ecological problems we should do the opposite of what a decade of conventional wisdom suggests. Rather than reduce and conserve, we should rely on the cost-consciousness built into capitalism and the streamlining miracles of technology to create a more efficient world. America--a large, high-tech country that accounts for about 25% of the global economy--is now generally using less of most resources year after year, even as its economy and population continue to grow. What's more, the US is polluting the air and water less, emitting fewer greenhouse gases, and replenishing endangered animal populations. And, as McAfee shows, America is not alone. Other countries are also transforming themselves in fundamental ways. What has made this turnabout possible? One thing, primarily: the collaboration between technology and capitalism, although good governance and public awareness have also been critical. McAfee does warn of issues that haven't been solved, like global warming, overfishing, and communities left behind as capitalism and tech progress race forward. But overall, More from Less is a revelatory and "deeply engaging" (Booklist) account of how we've stumbled into an unexpectedly better balance with nature--one that holds out the promise of more abundant and greener centuries ahead.
Problems and Possibilities of the Us Economy
After a description of the economic development in the US during 2000-2016 some key issues are discussed; the increasing inequality among workers with regard to the real wage increase and rate of unemployment, the considerable deficit on the government budget and balance of payment. According to the author the declining competitiveness and mercantilist policies in some foreign countries reduced market share of the US on the domestic and foreign market. This market loss had a negative impact on economic growth, employment, government budget and balance of payment. The author suggests that economic performance can be improved by investing in skills, promoting a level playing field with foreign countries and winning the race by a robust innovation system. For an analysis of the strong and weak points of the innovation system in the US information from the Global Information Index was used. From this information policies can be derived to boost innovation and improve the competitiveness of the US economy. Important policies are investment policies, educational policy and energy policy.
Problems and Possibilities of the Us Economy
After a description of the economic development in the US during 2000-2016 some key issues are discussed; the increasing inequality among workers with regard to the real wage increase and rate of unemployment, the considerable deficit on the government budget and balance of payment. According to the author the declining competitiveness and mercantilist policies in some foreign countries reduced market share of the US on the domestic and foreign market. This market loss had a negative impact on economic growth, employment, government budget and balance of payment. The author suggests that economic performance can be improved by investing in skills, promoting a level playing field with foreign countries and winning the race by a robust innovation system. For an analysis of the strong and weak points of the innovation system in the US information from the Global Information Index was used. From this information policies can be derived to boost innovation and improve the competitiveness of the US economy. Important policies are investment policies, educational policy and energy policy.
Der Spielekonsolenmarkt. Preis- und Produktentwicklung. Sony PlayStation und Microsoft Xbox
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich VWL - Sonstiges, Note: 1,00, Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im August 2009 - mit herannahendem Ferienbeginn und dem Befinden in einer Rezession - stellte sich die Frage, ob Sony und Microsoft die Preise ihrer Konsolen 瓣ndern w羹rden. Zwei m繹gliche Szenarien waren, dass beide ihren Preis bei $399 belassen w羹rden oder den Preis auf $299 senken w羹rden. Andere Szenarien waren, dass nur einer der beiden Hersteller den Preis senken w羹rde. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wird in Kapitel 2 darauf eingegangen, was f羹r wirtschaftliche G羹ter Spielekonsolen sind. Dieses Kapitel bildet Basis, um in Kapitel 3 zu verstehen, wie der Spielekonsolenmarkt organisiert ist, und wie in diesem Markt gehandelt und entschieden wird. Nachdem Unternehmen in ihren Handlungen von ihrer Umwelt beeinflusst werden, sind die Themen Spieltheorie und Entscheidungsfindung f羹r viele Firmen von h繹chster Relevanz: Entscheidungen werden auf der Basis von (m繹glichen) Spielz羹gen eines Unternehmens getroffen und beeinflussen durch ihre Reaktion auf diese wiederum die nachfolgende Reaktion der Konkurrenz. Folglich wird in Kapitel 4 der Fokus auf die Spieltheorie gelegt, wobei zu Beginn die Grundprinzipien der Theorie erkl瓣rt werden, bevor auf Sony und Microsoft im Detail eingegangen wird. Im Anschluss daran erfolgt in Kapitel 5 die Darstellung und Analyse von M繹glichkeiten, die sich f羹r Sony und Microsoft aufgrund der Erkenntnisse in Kapitel 4 ergeben. Abschlie?end wird dann noch auf die Produkt- und Preisentwicklung der beiden Konsolen in Kapitel 6 eingegangen, bevor die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse in Kapitel 7 zusammengefasst werden.
Die Geburt der CO2-Steuer in British Columbia. Ma?nahmen und Wirkungen in Gordon Campbells Amtszeit
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2019 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, L瓣nderstudien, Note: 1,00, Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In der folgenden Seminararbeit werden im zweiten Kapitel die Ma?nahmen und Wirkungen von Campbells erster Amtszeit analysiert. Im dritten Kapitel geht es dann um die Ma?nahmen und Wirkungen von Campbells zweiter Amtszeit. Der Fokus wird in den Kapitel 3.1 und 3.2 auf den Megatrends Klimawandel und Ressourcenknappheit liegen, bevor in Kapitel 3.3 die Frage behandelt wird, ob eine Abwendung der Klimakatastrophe nur ohne oder auch mit Wirtschaftswachstum erreicht werden kann. Anschlie?end geht es im Kapitel 3.4 um das Thema Steuern, wobei wir uns der Einf羹hrung der CO2-Steuer, der Senkung der Einkommens- und K繹rperschaftssteuer sowie der Aufkommensneutralit瓣t widmen werden. Abschlie?end werden im vierten Kapitel weitere M繹glichkeiten im Kampf gegen den CO2-Aussto? aufgezeigt, bevor im f羹nften Kapitel die Conclusio folgt. 2005 wurde Campbell ein weiteres Mal zum Premierminister der kanadischen Provinz British Columbia gew瓣hlt, wenngleich sein R羹ckhalt im Volk aufgrund der bisherigen - teils umweltbelastenden - Ma?nahmen geringer geworden war. 2007 verk羹ndete Campbell daher 羹berraschenderweise die Treibhausgasemissionen bis 2020 um 33% verringern zu wollen, was durch eine Senkung der Emissionen in den Bereichen Industrie, Fahrzeuge und Eigenheime erfolgen sollte. Im Februar 2008 entschied sich Campbell schlie?lich zur Einf羹hrung einer Kohlendioxidsteuer. Da Menschen naturgem瓣? negativ auf neue Steuern reagieren, wandte sich Campbell an Umweltgruppen, die die Einf羹hrung einer CO2-Steuer bef羹rworteten: Er bat sie das Volk so zu mobilisieren, dass jenes die Einf羹hrung einer solchen Steuer gar selbst forderte. Mit der Einf羹hrung einer CO2-Steuer auf nahezu alle fossilen Brennstoffe wollte er BC's Treibhausgasemissionen drastisch verringern. Er dachte, dass die Kohlendioxidsteuer sowohl f羹r die Umwelt als auch f羹r die Wirtschaf
Funktionen und Risiken von Schattenbanken
Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich VWL - Finanzwissenschaft, Note: 1,3, Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg in Sankt Augustin, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt die Zielsetzung, anhand vorhandener Fachliteratur, die Institutionen, Instrumente, Funktionen und Risiken des Schattenbankensystems und die daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf den Finanzmarkt und die Volkswirtschaft herauszuarbeiten. Au?erdem wird auf die wichtigsten Institutionen und Instrumente des Schattenbankensystems eingegangen und dessen Entwicklung dargestellt. Im weiteren Verlauf werden die Funktionen, die das Schattenbankensystem auf dem Finanzmarkt 羹bernimmt und dessen Nutzen n瓣her erl瓣utert. Daraufhin werden die mit den Aktivit瓣ten einhergehenden Risiken vorgestellt, wobei stets Bez羹ge zur Finanzkrise 2007 hergestellt werden. Im Jahr 2007 wurde der Begriff "Schattenbank" oder "Schattenbanksystem" zum ersten Mal in der ?ffentlichkeit erw瓣hnt. Damals war es der ?konom Paul McCulley, der im j瓣hrlichen Finanzsymposium der Kansas City Federal Bank in Wyoming den Terminus "Schattenbank" im Zuge der Finanzkrise ins Leben gerufen hat. Jedoch wurden damals nur die sogenannten "Zweckgesellschaften" damit beschrieben, die gezielt Verbriefungen vornehmen und ein wesentlicher Treiber der Finanzkrise waren. Heutzutage wird der Begriff deutlich weiter gefasst, denn nun werden alle banken瓣hnlichen Aktivit瓣ten und Institutionen, die au?erhalb des regul瓣ren Bankensystems stattfinden und von denen Risiken ausgehen, die zur Gef瓣hrdung der Finanzstabilit瓣t beitragen, zum Schattenbankensystem gez瓣hlt
Urban World History
This book seeks to deepen readers' understanding of world history by investigating urbanization and the evolution of urban systems, as well as the urban world, from the perspective of historical analysis. The theoretical framework of the approach stems directly from space-economy, and, more generally, from location theory and the theory of urban systems.The author explores a certain logic to be found in world history, and argues that this logic is spatial (in terms of spatial inertia, spatial trends, attractive and repulsive forces, vector fields, etc.) rather than geographical (in terms of climate, precipitation, hydrography). Accordingly, the book puts forward a truly original vision of urban world history, one that will benefit economists, historians, regional scientists, and anyone with a healthy curiosity.
China Branding
This book provides an overview of the brand construction process of manufacturing enterprises in Zhejiang province, China. There are now a number of industry-leading enterprises that are trying to build their own brands and manufacture products of higher quality in Zhejiang. The first chapter focuses on the place branding strategy employed by the Zhejiang Provincial Government in launching the "ZhejiangMade" brand to improve the perception of products made by Zhejiang manufacturing firms and promote them in the domestic and international markets. In the following nine chapters, the editors bring together case studies from nine leading enterprises in Zhejiang, including Baoxiniao, Shuanghuan, Feida, ROBAM, Xinhai, Yinlun, Weixing, Deli and Fotile, providing an analysis of their branding process.
Is Your House in Order
I have known Ronnie Johnson for many years. He is my friend, business partner, mentor, and a second father to me. Ronnie Johnson is a rare human-being. As a financial advisor, Ronnie Johnson listens attentively so as to make certain that the client's values and objectives are incorporated into their current and future life plan. The world is most definitely a better place with him in it. Ike Kutter, AIF(R) Clearview Financial Ronnie Johnson is a firm believer in the edict that there's more to people than what's in their wallets. Ronnie deals with their head and their heart, not just their wallets. I wouldn't hesitate to recommend Ronnie to any of my clients or advisor students, he has the whole package. Simon Singer, CFP(R), CAP(R), RFC(R) The Advisor Consulting Group I have known Ronnie Johnson since the 8th grade. We both came from hard working families. Simply stated, we did not start at the top. I have been in the financial industry for over 45 years. I have not sought the counsel of many men. Ronnie's friendship and knowledge make him one of those who's counsel I do seek and respect. You would be wise to do the same. Terry Taylor Pass Advisors, Ltd.
Good Economics for Hard Times
"A treasure trove of insight" (The Economist) from the winners of the Nobel Prize show how economics, when done right, can help us solve the thorniest social and political problems of our day. Figuring out how to deal with today's critical economic problems is perhaps the great challenge of our time. Much greater than space travel or perhaps even the next revolutionary medical breakthrough, what is at stake is the whole idea of the good life as we have known it. Immigration and inequality, globalization and technological disruption, slowing growth and accelerating climate change--these are sources of great anxiety across the world, from New Delhi and Dakar to Paris and Washington, DC. The resources to address these challenges are there--what we lack are ideas that will help us jump the wall of disagreement and distrust that divides us. If we succeed, history will remember our era with gratitude; if we fail, the potential losses are incalculable. In this revolutionary book, renowned MIT economists Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo take on this challenge, building on cutting-edge research in economics explained with lucidity and grace. Original, provocative, and urgent, Good Economics for Hard Times makes a persuasive case for an intelligent interventionism and a society built on compassion and respect. It is an extraordinary achievement, one that shines a light to help us appreciate and understand our precariously balanced world. In this ambitious, provocative book Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo show how traditional western-centric thinking has failed to explain what is happening to people in a newly globalized world: in short Good Economics has been done badly. This precise but accessible book covers many of the most essential issues of our day--including migration, unemployment, growth, free trade, political polarization, and welfare. Banerjee and Duflo will confound and clarify the presumptions of our times, such as: Why migration doesn't follow the law of supply and demand Why trade liberalization can drive unemployment up and wages down Why macroeconomists like to bend the data to fit the model Why nobody can really explain why and when growth happens Why economists' assumption that people don't change their minds has made has made polarization worse Why quite often it doesn't take a village, especially if the villagers aren't that nice In doing so, they seek to reclaim this essential terrain, and to offer readers an economist's view of the great issues of the day--one that is candid about the complexities, the zones of ignorance, and the areas of genuine disagreement.
Financial Innovation, Regulation and Crises in History
With contributions from world-renowned figures such as Niall Ferguson and Adair Turner, this volume investigates how financial institutions and markets have undergone or reacted to past pressures, and the regulatory responses that emerged as a result.
A Global Perspective on the European Economic Crisis
The financial and economic crisis in Europe is not over, and the radically opposing strategies on how to proceed has only increased the complexity of problems in the region, revealing the shortcomings of the EU's architecture. The European Union, perhaps for the first time in its history of more than seventy years, is being perceived as a threat
Absolute Essentials of International Business
As challenges to the era of globalization emerge, international business as a field of study grows in importance and complexity. This shortform textbook introduces learners to the frameworks within which international business occurs and to the range of actions that companies might undertake in these environments.
An Introduction to International Economics
This book is designed for a one-semester course in international economics, primarily targeting non-economics majors and programs in business, international relations, public policy, and development studies. It has been written to make international economics accessible to both students and professionals. Assuming a minimal background in economics and mathematics, the textbook goes beyond the usual trade-finance dichotomy to address international trade, international production, and international finance; and takes a practitioner point of view rather than a standard academic one, introducing students to the material needed to become effective analysts in international economic policy. This new edition features such additional topics as global production and global capital flows, migration, the Ricardian model, and international organizations like the IMF. Examples have been updated to include recent developments (Brexit, for example) and all charts include the latest data. The website for the text can be found at http: //iie.gmu.edu.
The (failed) Acquisition of Allergan by Pfizer. Multiples Valuation and Event Study Analysis
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 2,0, University of Mannheim, language: English, abstract: The thesis analyses the merger of Pfizer Inc. and Allergan in 2015. The goal of the thesis is to value Allergan using multiples at the time of a takeover announcement and to examine whether the offer price is fair. The thesis further examines the price reactions of Allergan, Pfizer, and optionally their competitors on the announcement date using event study analysis. On November 23, 2015, Pfizer Inc. and Allergan, Plc publicly announced their intention to merge to form the world's largest drug maker. The boards of both companies had ratified the deal worth approximately $160 billion the day before. This sum would make it not only the largest pharmaceutical deal ever, but also the third largest corporate merger in history. The takeover would also be the largest so-called "inversion" deal to date. These deals consist of a US company buying a foreign rival to adopt their lower tax jurisdictions. To achieve this goal, Dublin-based Allergan would buy the larger New-York based Pfizer in a reverse merger. Just days before the announcement of the merger, the Treasury Department released new rules aiming to curb tax-lowering inversion deals. On April 6, 2016, Pfizer and Allergan announced they would be calling off the merger.
The Bond Market in Hong Kong, China
This publication provides updates on recent developments in the bond market in Hong Kong, China and highlights developments connected to the bond market of the People's Republic of China. The report updates the earlier ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide 2016: Hong Kong, China. It is part of the ASEAN+3 Bond Market Guide series, which provides information on the investment climate, rules, laws, opportunities, and characteristics of local bond markets in Asia and the Pacific.
